Biocompatibility and Surface Characteristics of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements with Ammonium Quaternary Compounds or Silver Nanoparticles: AnIn VitroStudy

Abstract

Glass ionomer cements are materials with diverse clinical applications. Its use is indicated in patients with special needs, pediatric patients, and the elderly; accordingly, it is important to know its properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity, surface roughness, microhardness, and surface characteristics of GC Fuji ORTHO LC and GC Fuji PLUS resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) with 1 and 2% of benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, or silver nanoparticles. All the experimental groups increase or decrease statistically significantly the VHN (P<0.05) compared with the control group, except for GC Fuji PLUS added with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide 1 wt%. In the same way, all groups show a statistically significant (P<0.05) increase or decrease in Ra compared with the control group except for GC Fuji ORTHO added with benzalkonium chloride 2 wt%, GC Fuji PLUS added with benzalkonium chloride 2 wt%, and GC Fuji PLUS added with cetylpyridinium chloride 2 wt%. The SEM micrographs show similar surface images between the control and experimental groups. When a dental material is modified, it is important to reevaluate its biological and mechanical characteristics. In the present study, all the additions modified the cytotoxicity and surface characteristics of RMGICs, by increasing or decreasing these properties.

Biological Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Their Derivatives

“…Much effort is directed to develop dental composites and binding agents modified with QASs that will limit the development of oral bacteria that cause tooth decay and inhibit the growth of their biofilm [65,66]. In addition, ionomer glass cements are currently modified with QAS, in order to improve their performance [67]. An interesting potential medical application may be the dressings based on bacterial cellulose and QASs.…”

The influence of quaternary ammonium salts on mechanical properties of light-cured resin dental composites

“…Composite with Triazolium-POSS showed higher bactericidal activity against Streptococcus mutans [20]. Munguía-Moreno et al [21] modified two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) with benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltri-methylammonium bromide or silver nanoparticles and determined the cytotoxicity, surface roughness, microhardness of materials. Modification of GC Fuji ORTHO LC and GC Fuji ORTHO PLUS glass ionomer cements with CTAB influenced hardness and roughness of materials depending on the amount of salt and the material to be modified [21].…”

Applications of Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry: Advances and Technological Innovation

“…The union of these materials presents mechanical parameters like commercial GIC [ 65 ]. In disagreement, another study claims that this union decreases GIC hardness and is cytotoxic [ 81 ]. However, when 12 nm AgNPs were tested associated with GIC, they did not present cytotoxicity to odontoblastic lineage cells [ 40 ].…”