Biocompatibility of Portland cement combined with different radiopacifying agents

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of rat subcutaneous tissue to Portland cement combined with two different radiopacifying agents, iodoform (CHI 3 ) and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ). These materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats for 7 and 15 days. The specimens were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and inflammatory reaction parameters were evaluated by light microscopy. The intensity of the inflammatory response to the sealants was analyzed by two blind calibrated observers throughout the experimental period. Histological analysis showed that all the materials caused a moderated inflammatory reaction at 7 days, which then diminished with time. At 15 days, the inflammatory reaction was almost absent, and fibroblasts and collagen fibers were observed indicating normal tissue healing. The degrees of the inflammatory reaction on different days throughout the experimental period were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences amongst the groups, and Portland cement associated with radiopacifying agents gave satisfactory results. Therefore, Portland cement used in combination with radiopacifying agents can be considered a biocompatible material. Although our results are very encouraging, further studies are needed in order to establish safe clinical indications for Portland cement combined with radiopacifying agents. (J Oral Sci 56, 29-34, 2014)

Pulp tissue response to Portland cement associated with different radio pacifying agents on pulpotomy of human primary molars

“…Cement matrix flaws may exacerbate existing cracks, leading to material degradation (Coomaraswamy et al, 2007). In view of that, PC association with different radiopacifying agents has been proposed to find an alternative to bismuth oxide (de Morais et al, 2006;Bortoluzzi et al, 2009;Húngaro-Duarte et al, 2009;Camilleri et al, 2011;Guerreiro-Tanomaru et al, 2012;Antonijevic et al, 2014;Lourenço-Neto et al, 2014). Iodoform seems to be harmless to connective tissue and it is widely available to clinicians (de Morais et al, 2006;Bortoluzzi et al, 2009).…”

“…Iodoform seems to be harmless to connective tissue and it is widely available to clinicians (de Morais et al, 2006;Bortoluzzi et al, 2009). Another tested radiopacifier, zirconium oxide does not affect tissue integrity (Lourenço-Neto et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2014), and furthermore, preserves PC properties (Bortoluzzi et al, 2009;Húngaro-Duarte et al, 2009;Camilleri et al, 2011;Cutajar et al, 2011;Guerreiro-Tanomaru et al, 2012;Weckwerth et al, 2012).…”

“…To judge pulp capping materials effectiveness, histopathological tissue evaluation might be performed in addition to clinical trials, because toxic constituents of the cements may induce irritation or even tissue degeneration (Coutinho-Filho et al, 2008;Lourenço-Neto et al, 2014). In vivo evaluation of tissue response to PC has been mainly performed in rats, showing mild to absent inflammatory cells infiltration and dense connective tissue, indicating repair process (de Morais et al, 2006;Shahi et al, 2010;Marques et al, 2013;Koçak et al, 2014;Marciano et al, 2014b;Silva et al, 2014).…”

“…Accordingly, studies have evaluated the effects of different radiopacifiers addition to PC on biocompatibility (de Morais et al, 2006;Coutinho-Filho et al, 2008;Gomes Cornélio et al, 2011;Lourenço-Neto et al, 2014), and on physical/chemical properties of the material (Coomaraswamy et al, 2007;Bortoluzzi et al, 2009;Húngaro-Duarte et al, 2009;Camilleri et al, 2011;Cutajar et al, 2011;Guerreiro-Tanomaru et al, 2012, Húngaro-Duarte et al, 2012Weckwerth et al, 2012;Antonijevic et al, 2014). The ideal radiopacifying agent should be inert, nontoxic and added in sufficient amounts to provide radiopacity without compromising other properties (Antonijevic et al, 2014).…”

Effect of different mixing methods on the physical properties of Portland cement

“…On the other hand, the excellent biocompatibility of MTA is attributed to its alkaline pH and the potential to release calcium ions. Alkaline pH is important for hard tissue induction and antimicrobial activity considering that resistant endodontic bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis , are destroyed at a pH values over 11 (17). The results of our study showed that amalgamator and ultrasonic mixing techniques resulted in an increase in solubility and PH.…”