Biocompatibility of Tungsten Disulfide Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene-Like Nanoparticles with Salivary Gland Cells

Abstract

Impaired salivary gland (SG) function leading to oral diseases is relatively common with no adequate solution. Previously, tissue engineering of SG had been proposed to overcome this morbidity, however, not yet clinically available. Multiwall inorganic (tungsten disulfide [WS2]) nanotubes (INT-WS2) and fullerene-like nanoparticles (IF-WS2) have many potential medical applications. A yet unexplored venue application is their interaction with SG, and therefore, our aim was to test the biocompatibility of INT/IF-WS2 with the A5 and rat submandibular cells (RSC) SG cells. The cells were cultured and subjected after 1 day to different concentrations of INT-WS2 and were compared to control groups. Growth curves, trypan blue viability test, and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) proliferation assay were obtained. Furthermore, cells morphology and interaction with the nanoparticles were observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed no significant differences in growth curves, proliferation kinetics, and viability between the groups compared. Moreover, no alterations were observed in the cell morphology. Interestingly, TEM images indicated that the nanoparticles are uptaken by the cells and accumulate in cytoplasmic vesicles. These results suggest promising future medical applications for these nanoparticles.

Antioxidative and cytoprotective response elicited by molybdenum nanoparticles in human cells

“…Moreover, tungsten disulfide nanotubes, along with fullerene-like NPs, is recently reported to be biocompatible in salivary gland cells [38]. As far as other NPs to possess antioxidant 15 potential is concerned, contrary reports exist.…”

Non-Isothermal Cold-Crystallization Behavior and Kinetics of Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/WS2 Inorganic Nanotube Nanocomposites

“…Equally important, the cytotoxicity of the INT-WS 2 was evaluated positively in comparison to standard environmental particulate matter, demonstrating much lower cytotoxicity than other nanoparticles, such as silica or carbon black [20]. Promising results have also been recently found with respect to the biocompatibility of INT(IF)-WS 2 with salivary gland cells [21]. With such excellent properties, and relatively simple and inexpensive fabrication, the incorporation of INT-WS 2 in polymer systems has become increasingly important [22][23][24][25].…”

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of poly(l-lactic acid)/WS2 inorganic nanotube nanocomposites

“…In addition, INT-WS 2 (or IF-MoS 2 ) are low-cost, environmentally friendly and biocompatible nanofillers with much lower cytotoxicity than other nanoparticles, such as silica or carbon black [28]. Positive results were recently also obtained in testing the biocompatibility of INT(IF)-WS 2 with salivary gland cells, suggesting promising future medical applications of these nanoparticles [29]. With such excellent properties, and relatively simple and inexpensive fabrication, the incorporation of INT-WS 2 in biopolymer systems has become a field of recent interest as it opens opportunities for many new applications.…”