Biocompatible Carbohydrate-Functionalized Stainless Steel Surfaces: A New Method For Passivating Biomedical Implants

Abstract

A convenient method for passivating and functionalizing stainless steel is described. Several methods of coating stainless steel (SS) samples with silica were investigated and of these methods, a thin (less than 15 nm thick) layer of silica created by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was found to give superior performance in electrochemical testing. These interfaces were then used as a platform for further functionalization with molecules of biological interest. Specifically, the SS samples were functionalized with biologically significant carbohydrates [N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-galactose (Gal)] that contain trialkoxysilane derivatives as chemical handles for linking to the surface. The presence and biological availability of these moieties on the silica coated SS were confirmed by XPS analysis and an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) using complementary lectins that specifically recognize the surface-bound carbohydrate. This method has the potential of being adapted to the functionalization of stainless steel biomedical implants with other biologically relevant carbohydrates.

Immobilization of epidermal growth factor on titanium and stainless steel surfaces via dopamine treatment

“…In addition to surface modifications aimed at preventing biofouling [1,5,6], extracellular matrix, active peptides, or derivatives have been immobilized on metals to promote cell adhesion [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…Treatment of metal surfaces with silane derivatives has been used widely to achieve covalent immobilization [12,13]. In addition to silane derivatives, Weber et al synthesized 1-aziglycoses, which react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of oxidized titanium [20].…”

Biodegradable polymer brush as nanocoupled interface for improving the durability of polymer coating on metal surface

“…The activated surface of the pretreated Co-Cr might lead to an effective interaction between the trimethoxysilyl group of BTPAm (initiator) and the hydroxyl groups on the surface. Trimethoxysilyl group is known as a strong binder of various metal surfaces such as silicon [28], stainless steel [29], titanium alloy [30], and aluminum [31]. The PHEMA brushes were designed for high density of hydroxyl groups that are useful for post-modification step including ROP of l-lactide (l-form) in order to synthesize stereoisomeric PLLA-graft onto Co-Cr surface.…”

ABO-incompatible hearts for infant transplantation

“…Additionally, innovative strategies are being explored for removal or neutralization of A/B antigens on cell membranes [40,41] to facilitate ABOi organ transplantation. Another approach currently under exploration in my laboratory is induction of B-cell tolerance through intentional exposure to synthetic A/B antigens in the form of implantable biomedical devices [42,43], which, if successful, would allow subsequent transplantation of grafts from donors of any blood group.…”