“…Different crystallinity, shape, and stoichiometry in the end products of metal-doped bioceramics and BGs have been achieved by the use of several synthesis techniques ( Srinivasan et al, 2019 ). Methods such as sol-gel ( El-Rashidy et al, 2018 ; Predoi et al, 2019 ; Zhuang et al, 2019 ), chemical precipitation ( Luo et al, 2018 ; Gallo et al, 2019 ; Srinivasan et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2022 ), the melt-quenching approach ( Deng et al, 2019 ), magnetron sputtering ( Vranceanu et al, 2019 ), and pulsed laser deposition ( Duta et al, 2019 ) are only a few of the many options. Once bioceramics and BGs have proven to be acceptable as coating materials ( Predoi et al, 2019 ; Vranceanu et al, 2019 ), cements ( Li et al, 2018 ; Zhang and Williams, 2019 ), scaffolds ( Zhao et al, 2014 ; Yin et al, 2018 ; Luo et al, 2019 ; Yuan et al, 2019 ; Zhuang et al, 2019 ), and nanoparticles ( El-Rashidy et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; Morsi and Abd Elhamid, 2019 ; Singh et al, 2020c ), the optimum synthesis process will depend on the application.…”