Biocompatible Polymeric Nanoparticles as Promising Candidates for Drug Delivery

Abstract

The use of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) in pharmacology provides many benefits because this approach can increase the efficacy and selectivity of active compounds. However, development of new nanocarriers requires better understanding of the interactions between NPs and the immune system, allowing for the optimization of NP properties for effective drug delivery. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the investigation of the interactions between biocompatible polymeric NPs and a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). NPs based on a liquid core with polyelectrolyte shells were prepared by sequential adsorption of polyelectrolytes (LbL) using AOT (docusate sodium salt) as the emulsifier and the biocompatible polyelectrolytes polyanion PGA (poly-l-glutamic acid sodium salt) and polycation PLL (poly l-lysine). The average size of the obtained NPs was 80 nm. Pegylated external layers were prepared using PGA-g-PEG (PGA grafted by PEG poly(ethylene glycol)). The influence of the physicochemical properties of the NPs (charge, size, surface modification) on viability, phagocytosis potential, and endocytosis was studied. Internalization of NPs was determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Moreover, we evaluated whether addition of PEG chains downregulates particle uptake by phagocytic cells. The presented results confirm that the obtained PEG-grafted NPs are promising candidates for drug delivery.

Polyelectrolyte-coated nanocapsules containing undecylenic acid: Synthesis, biocompatibility and neuroprotective properties

“…Moreover, PEG-ylation prevents nanocapsules from the process of opsonization. Thus, the clearance by the immune system and macrophage uptake may be avoided [21][22][23][24]. It is also worth noting, that the most recent data provide evidence that PEG-ylated nanocarriers penetrate BBB and may be suitable for specific delivery of neurotherapeutics into the brain [25].…”

Biomimetic calcium phosphate/polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings for sequential delivery of multiple biological factors

“…Monocytes/macrophages are one of the first cell types that would interact with the coating in vivo , and are known to be capable of rapid resorption of PLLys‐PLGlut PEM materials . Future work will focus on understanding how the kinetics of cellular access to factors within bCaP‐PEM coatings differ based on the cell type interacting with the material.…”

“…Monocytes/macrophages are one of the first cell types that would interact with the coating in vivo, 44 and are known to be capable of rapid resorption of PLLys-PLGlut PEM materials. 45 Future work will focus on understanding how the kinetics of cellular access to factors within bCaP-PEM coatings differ based on the cell type interacting with the material. In addition, it is known that chemical and physical changes to the coating composition can alter kinetics of biomolecule release from bCaP 46 and thus could be investigated as a means to tune the kinetics of cell access to adsorbed factors.…”

Polymeric Core-Shell Nanoparticles Prepared by Spontaneous Emulsification Solvent Evaporation and Functionalized by the Layer-by-Layer Method

“…Pegylated polyanion PGA-g-PEG (g ~30% and PEG, Mw ~5000) was previously synthesized in our lab [32] while fluorescently-labeled poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL-ROD) was synthesized via coupling of lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl chloride according to the protocol described in [33].…”