Biocompatible synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) and their in-vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines

Lingaraju, K.; Naika, H. Raja; Nagaraju, G.; Nagabhushana, H.

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00376

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…According to the above observations, it can be said that the surface GO sheets were uniformly covered by zirconia nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal reaction. 1121 and 1072 cm −1 corespond to the epoxy C-O and the alkoxy C-O stretching vibration, respectively [77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Unlike the GO bands, the spectrum of rGO exhibits that the vibrational frequencies of peaks weakened and slightly vanished.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the characteristic band located at 1727 cm −1 was assigend to C=O stretching frequency belonging to the ZrO2/rGO nanocomposite was shifted to 1746 cm -1 because the relationship between the C=O group and Zr and its relative intensity was also decreased [87]. The hydrolysis of the ZrOCl2 solution provides the interaction between the oxygen-containing groups of GO and Zr(IV) and the appearance of two vibrational bands located at 1460 and 1395 cm −1 , which were assigned to the creation of either a monodentate or bidentate complex [78][79][80][81]. The vibrational bands at 1686 and 470 cm −1 can be assigned to the C=C stretching mode and Zr-O vibration, respectively [60,72].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zirconia Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Hybrid Structure Fabricated by the Hydrothermal Reaction Method

et al. 2020

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In this work, we report an available technique for the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the fabrication of nanostructured zirconia reduced graphene oxide powder via a hydrothermal method. Characterization of the obtained nano-hybrid structure materials was carried out using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The confirmation that GO was reduced and the uniform distribution of zirconia nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets during synthesis was obtained due to these techniques. This has presented new opportunities and prospects to use this uncomplicated and inexpensive technique for the development of zirconia/graphene nanocomposite powders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconia Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Hybrid Structure Fabricated by the Hydrothermal Reaction Method

et al. 2020

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“…50 As a solution to this issue, many authors have proposed the use of an ecofriendly graphene oxide reduction to avoid the use of toxic reagents. 51,52 The LD50 found was 84.2 µg/mL and 236.2 µg/mL for the Calcein and MTT assays, respectively. No LD50 was analyzed using the trypan blue test.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Assessment Of Rgo-fe 3 Omentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficacy and Molecular Effects of a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite in Photothermal Therapy Against Cancer

Barrera¹,

Groot²,

Vargas³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Purpose: Expanded research on the biomedical applications of graphene has shown promising results, although interactions between cells and graphene are still unclear. The current study aims to dissect the cellular and molecular effects of graphene nanocomposite in photothermal therapy against cancer, and to evaluate its efficacy. Methods: In this study, a reduced graphene oxide and iron oxide (rGO-Fe 3 O 4) nanocomposite was obtained by chemical synthesis. The nanocomposite was fully characterized by Raman spectroscopy, TEM, VSM and thermal profiling. Cell-nanocomposite interaction was evaluated by confocal microscopy and viability assays on cancer cell line HeLa. The efficacy of the thermal therapy and changes in gene expression of Bcl-2 and Hsp70 was assessed. Results: The resulting rGO-Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite exhibited superparamagnetic properties and the capacity to increase the surrounding temperature by 18-20°C with respect to the initial temperature. The studies of cell-nanocomposite interaction showed that rGO-Fe 3 O 4 attaches to cell membrane but there is a range of concentration at which the nanomaterial preserves cell viability. Photothermal therapy reduced cell viability to 32.6% and 23.7% with 50 and 100 µg/mL of nanomaterial, respectively. The effect of treatment on the molecular mechanism of cell death demonstrated an overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins Hsp70 and Bcl-2 as an initial response to the therapy and depending on the aggressiveness of the treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study contribute to understanding the interactions between cell and graphene and support its application in photothermal therapy against cancer due to its promising results.

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“…The mechanism of action of rGO against cancer cell lines is unknown. They may interact with the plasma membrane or extracellular matrix and enter the cell primarily via diffusion, endocytosis, and/or binding to receptors [63].…”

Section: Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide Involving Extracts of Plants from Different Taxonomy Groups and Its Applications

Perumal¹,

Albert²,

Abdullah³

2021

Preprint

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Graphene is a remarkable material with numerous applications. Due to its thin and lightweight design, it is ideal for a variety of applications. The synthesis of high-quality graphene in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner continues to be a significant challenge. Chemical reduction is considered to be the most advantageous method for preparing reduced graphene oxide (rGO). However, this process necessitates the use of toxic and harmful substances, which can have a detrimental effect on the environment and human health. Thus, to accomplish the objective, the green synthesis principle has prompted researchers worldwide to develop a simple method for green reduction of graphene oxide (GO), which is readily accessible, sustainable, economical, renewable, and environmentally friendly in nature. For example, the use of natural materials such as plants is generally considered safe. Furthermore, plants contain reducing and capping agents. The current review will focus on the discovery and application of rGO synthesis using extracts from a variety of different parts of the plant. The review aims to aid current and future researchers in their search for a novel plant extract that acts as a reductant in the green synthesis of rGO. The review aims to assist current and future researchers in their research for a novel plant extract that acts as a reductant in the green synthesis of rGO as well as their potential applications in a variety of industries.

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Biocompatible synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) and their in-vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Zirconia Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Hybrid Structure Fabricated by the Hydrothermal Reaction Method

Zirconia Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-Hybrid Structure Fabricated by the Hydrothermal Reaction Method

<p>Efficacy and Molecular Effects of a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite in Photothermal Therapy Against Cancer</p>

Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide Involving Extracts of Plants from Different Taxonomy Groups and Its Applications

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