Biocomposite scaffold preparation from hydroxyapatite extracted from waste bovine bone

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to fabricate scaffold from polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) extracted from waste bovine bone for enhancing both mechanical and biocompatible properties. After pretreatment in dilute NaOH solution, the bone was calcined at 900°C for 6 h, ball milled and converted to HA. Factors that affect the formation of HA were investigated. Experimental results showed that HA particles with crystal size &lt; 100 nm and 99% crystallinity could be obtained at 90°C, pH 11 and 35 mM H<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>PO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> solution followed by 4 h calcination at 900°C. By using non-solvent induced phase separation method, PLA scaffolds with pore size and surface area of 22.6 μm and 25.7 m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/g, respectively, containing different hydroxyapatite were successfully prepared. Tensile strength of scaffolds increased due to effective support by HA grafted collagen. PLA scaffolds containing HA were more degradable than PLA scaffolds and PLA scaffolds containing HA grafted collagen. Cell culture results showed that cell density increased significantly on porous scaffolds than that on the dense scaffolds. Moreover, cell density also increased significantly on the scaffold containing HA grafted collagen than that on the scaffold with pure HA.</jats:p>

A review on bovine hydroxyapatite; extraction and characterization

“…Calcined bone was treated with H 3 PO 4 (0.035 M @ 90 °C in pH 11) and recalcined at 900°C to produce crystal size less than 100 nm with 98% of crystallinity. Recalcinartion is needed to stabilize the HA structure after H 3 PO 4 treatment [105,106].…”

Facile synthesis of hydroxyapatite from bovine bone and gelatin/chitosan‐hydroxyapatite scaffold for potential tissue engineering application

“…The bovine bones were calcinated at temperatures from 550, 650, 750, and 850 o C. The bone powder changed color from yellowish-brown for raw material and calcination at low temperature to white after the sintering process at high temperature due to the decomposition of organic materials in the bone. [5] Additionally, there is no change in color after thermal treatment above 850 o C [8,22] (figure 1).…”

“…Therefore, natural bio-HAp is an alternative resource for bone repair and regeneration. The extraction of HAp from organic waste such as bovine bones, [5,6] fish bones, [7] chicken bones, [8,9] pig bones, [10] and other natural sources [11] is economical and environmentally friendly. In addition, the drawback of pure HAp application is its brittleness.…”

“…Composite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine bone were studied for enhancing both mechanical and biocompatible properties. [5,[12][13][14] Chitosan is synthesized by partial deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan is biocompatible and biodegradable as it can be broken down into nontoxic products by enzymes in the body.…”

Incorporation of amine functional group on surface of hydroxyapatite prepared fromstriped catfish (Pagasianodon hypophthalmus) bone

“…Therefore, the study focused on the grafting of APTES on HA surface and parameters influencing the process. The HA was synthesized from catfish bone according to the method mentioned by previous study (Ho, Tao, Huynh, & Wang, 2020).…”