Biocontrol of Pests of Apples and Pears in Northern and Central Europe - 3. Predators

Solomon, M. G.; Cross, J. V.; Fitzgerald, J.; Campbell, Colin S.; Jolly, R. L.; Olszak, R.W.; Niemczyk, E.; Vogt, Heidrun

doi:10.1080/09583150029260

Cited by 136 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Adalia bipunctata, E. balteatus and A. aphidimyza were the three most abundant predators in the Asturian apple orchards as is often the case in Europe (Wyss et al, 1999b;Solomon et al, 2000). These three species of predators attacked the colonies of aphids in a sequence: first the syrphids, then the ladybird beetles and finally the cecidomyiid flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of apple orchards by predators of Dysaphis plantaginea: sequential arrival, response to prey abundance and consequences for biological control

2005

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Abstract. Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) (Diptera: Syrphidae), Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are the three most abundant natural enemies of Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Asturian (NW Spain) apple orchards. They attack this aphid in sequence: E. balteatus arrived first, followed by A. bipunctata and then by A. aphidimyza. The cecidomyiids arrived too late to have a regulating effect. The syrphids laid an average of 2.3 ± 1.7 eggs per aphid colony and the coccinellids 18.4 ± 9.9 regardless of the degree of the infestation rates of the apple shoots. This value corresponds to the size of an egg batch laid by one female. Therefore, these aphid predators did not respond numerically to the abundance of the pest. The results of this study indicate that natural populations of syrphids and ladybird beetles are unable to control D. plantaginea, and therefore a more complex strategy than waiting for natural enemies is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of apple orchards by predators of Dysaphis plantaginea: sequential arrival, response to prey abundance and consequences for biological control

2005

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“…Such populations cannot survive without removal of the predators. On the contrary, pest management might attempt to remove a pest by introducing additional or entirely new predators (Solomon et al 2000). Here we demonstrate that, within the types of life histories and ecological interactions considered in our models, the most difficult pests fall into the category of populations that are without predation limit and face relatively few difficulties in finding mates when they manage to avoid predation (i.e.…”

Section: Summary Of Outcomes and Their Implications For Population Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Caught between two Allee effects: Trade-off between reproduction and predation risk

Pavlová

Berec

Boukal

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Abstract:Reproductive activities are often associated with conspicuous morphology or behaviour that could be exploited by predators. Individuals can therefore face a trade-off between reproduction and predation risk. Here we use simple models to explore population-dynamical consequences of such a trade-off for populations subject to a mate-finding Allee effect and an Allee effect due to predation. We present our results in the light of populations that belong to endangered species or pests and study their viability and resilience. We distinguish several qualitative scenarios characterized by the shape and strength of the trade-off and, in particular, identify conditions for which the populations survive or go extinct. Reproduction can be so costly that the population always goes extinct. In other cases, the population goes extinct only over a certain range of low, intermediate or high levels of reproductive activities. Moreover, we show that predator removal (e.g. in an attempt to save an endangered prey species) has the least effect on populations with low cost of reproduction in terms of predation and, conversely, predator addition (e.g. to eradicate a pest) is most effective for populations with high predation cost of reproduction. Our results indicate that a detailed knowledge of the trade-off can be crucial in applications: for some trade-off shapes, only intermediate levels of reproductive activities might guarantee population survival, while they can lead to extinction for others. We therefore suggest that the fate of populations subject to the two antagonistic Allee effects should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Although the literature offers no quantitative data on possible trade-off shapes in any taxa, indirect evidence suggests that the trade-off and both Allee effects can occur simultaneously, e.g. in the golden egg bug Phyllomorpha laciniata.

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“…It successfully controls the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), where organophosphorous resistant strains of the predator are used in biological control (Solomon et al 1993(Solomon et al , 2000. During sampling from 1997 to 2000, N. californicus was found in several areas of the south east and west of England.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intraguild Predation and Feeding Preferences in Three Species of Phytoseiid Mite Used for Biological Control

Hatherly

Bale

Walters³

2005

Exp Appl Acarol

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The ecological impact of introduced biological control agents on native species of arthropods is a matter of considerable debate. This study investigated the ability of the non-native predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus to feed on the native Typhlodromus pyri and vice versa, as both species now co-occur in UK orchards. Typhlodromips montdorensis is a candidate for introduction into the UK as a glasshouse biological control agent. The ability of T. montdorensis to feed on the widely used N. californicus was investigated to identify possible intraguild predation, which might influence the effectiveness of either or both species as predators of Tetranychus urticae. Both N. californicus and T. pyri consumed larval stages of each other, but in choice experiments both showed a preference for T. urticae. Both N. californicus and T. montdorensis also fed on each other, but whereas N. californicus again showed a preference for T. urticae, T. montdorensis fed equally on T. urticae and N. californicus. Interactions between N. californicus and T. pyri and N. californicus and T. montdorensis are discussed in relation to their effectiveness as biological control agents in the glasshouse and the natural control of spider mite in the field.

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Biocontrol of Pests of Apples and Pears in Northern and Central Europe - 3. Predators

Cited by 136 publications

References 213 publications

Colonization of apple orchards by predators of Dysaphis plantaginea: sequential arrival, response to prey abundance and consequences for biological control

Colonization of apple orchards by predators of Dysaphis plantaginea: sequential arrival, response to prey abundance and consequences for biological control

Caught between two Allee effects: Trade-off between reproduction and predation risk

Intraguild Predation and Feeding Preferences in Three Species of Phytoseiid Mite Used for Biological Control

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