Biocontrol of Potato White Mold Using Coniothyrium minitans and Resistance of Potato Cultivars to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Davoudi

2020

Idesia

This study was carried out to determine inhibitory effect of crude extracts and essential oils (OE) of aromatic plants against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in potato fields in Bahar and Lalehjin, Iran during cropping seasons of 2015 and 2016. The results showed that crude extracts of cinnamon and ginger at concentrations 5 g/l as well as essential oils of coriander, lavender, thyme, savory and eucalyptus at concentration 50 µl/ml had potential to significantly reduce incidence of potato white mold. This is the first study about inhibitory effect of crude extracts and essential oils of aromatic plants against potato white mold under field condition.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of crude extracts and essential oils of aromatic plants against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in potato fields

Davoudi

2020

Idesia

“…The S. sclerotiorum is a ubiquitous phytopathogen which infects many dicotyledonous plants including Brassica crops. Although many research have been conducted to assess control measures against Sclerotinia diseases on different crops, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] no research has been found about nonchemical methods against tuber mustard white rot. The in vitro antifungal effect of tested chitosans and ASA was evaluated in previous research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Induction Against White Rot of Tuber Mustard Using Chitosans and Acetyl Salicylic Acid

Xie

2019

J Apple Biotechnol Rep

Introduction: White rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has recently become a serious threat to tuber mustard cultivation in Hangzhou, China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and three different chitosans (A, B and C) against mustard white rot. The degree of N-deacetylation and the molecular weight of chitosans A, B and C were 85%-1129 kDa, 95%-521 kDa and 75%-607 kDa, respectively. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory effect of chitosans with different concentrations against the mycelia growth and sclerotia formation of 3 isolates of the pathogen was determined in vitro. In addition, the efficacy of chitosans and ASA against mustard white rot was assessed during in vivo tests. After protein extraction, effects of chitosans and ASA on resistance related enzymes including chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were evaluated. Results: The chitosans reduced the mycelia growth and sclerotia formation of the pathogen. The chitosans showed significant antifungal effect against the disease in vivo. The chitosans and ASA markedly reduced the severity of the disease over time. Moreover, the chitosans and ASA markedly enhanced the level of most of the resistant related enzymes after 3 and 6 days. The chitosan B was found to have the best effect against tested pathogen isolates. Conclusions: The chitosan with the lowest molecular weight was found to be more effective against the disease. In addition, chitosans and ASA were able to significantly increase resistance-related enzymes over time indicating that they can be considered as resistant inducers against mustard white rot.

“…This study was conducted to assess the antifungal efficacy of cinnamon bark and rosemary leaves against three isolates of S. sclerotiorum . In previous researches, we assessed the biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma spp., Coniothyrium minitans Campbell and Brassica biofumigation against this pathogen (Ojaghian, , ; Ojaghian et al , 2012 a , b ). Although Soylu et al () showed the potential of essential oils from oregano ( Origanum syriacum L.) and fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and enzymatic evaluation of plant crude extracts derived from cinnamon and rosemary against Sclerotinia carrot rot

Annals of Applied Biology

Chen

et al. 2014

The objective of this study was to assess the antifungal potential of plant crude extracts derived from cinnamon and rosemary against three isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The crude extracts were obtained using two different solvents including ethyl acetate (EA) and ethanol. The results showed that crude extracts of cinnamon are able to reduce mycelial growth of isolate 2 at volatile and contact phase by 35.4% and 78.2%, respectively. Furthermore, sclerotial myceliogenic at contact phase and carpogenic germination of isolate 2 were inhibited by 94.3% and 68.1%, respectively. In general, rosemary extracts showed less inhibitory efficacy than cinnamon. As the most effective treatment, EA extract of cinnamon was analysed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The results showed the presence of 33 components and the major constituents were E-cinnamaldehyde (66.4%) followed by Alpha-Muurolene (4.86%), Alpha-Copaene (4.73%) and 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one (3.72%). The enzyme analysis showed that the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase decrease in the inoculated carrots after application of plant crude extracts indicating that they cannot be considered as resistance inducers against Sclerotinia carrot rot. In conclusion, cinnamon extract was found to be more effective against the pathogen. Although crude extracts of cinnamon and rosemary were able to reduce severity of carrot rot during storage, EA extract of cinnamon (2 g L −1 ) was found to have practically significant effect against the disease.