Biodegradability of DBP precursors after drinking water ozonation

Vera, de; Keller, Jürg; Gernjak, Wolfgang; Weinberg, Howard S.; Farré, María José

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.022

Cited by 58 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, biofiltration performance using biologically active carbon (BAC) has shown to be impacted by water temperature (Emelko et al, 2006;Moll et al, 1999), empty bed contact time (EBCT), and accumulation of attached microbial biomass (Elhadi et al, 2006). Because of these factors, BAC performance in terms of geosmin, MIB, as well as DBP precursor removals can vary significantly (de Vera et al, 2016;Elhadi et al, 2004;Guo et al, 2016). In addition, O3 efficiency is dependent on source water characteristics such as pH, DOC, alkalinity, and temperature (Westerhoff et al, 2006), which warrants site-specific pilot studies for optimization of O3 and biofiltration treatment.…”

Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, BAC performance is impacted by water temperature (Emelko et al, 2006;Moll et al, 1999), empty bed contact time (EBCT), and accumulation of attached microbial biomass (Elhadi et al, 2006). Because of these factors, BAC performance in terms of geosmin, MIB, as well as DBP precursor removals can vary significantly (de Vera et al, 2016;Elhadi et al, 2004;Guo et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozone/peroxide advanced oxidation in combination with biofiltration for taste and odour control and organics removal

Beniwal

Taylor-Edmonds

Armour³

2018

Chemosphere

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The objective of this pilot-scale study was to investigate the effectiveness of incorporating ozone (O) and advanced oxidation (hydrogen peroxide/ozone: HO/O) in combination with biofiltration for taste and odour control, organic carbon removal, and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor reduction. Implementation of O and HO/O with and without biofiltration was investigated at pilot-scale in terms of geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), and DBP precursor removal efficiency. Two media types (granular activated carbon and anthracite) were compared in conjunction with investigating the impact of pre-oxidation with O (2 mg/L) and varying HO/O mass ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5 mg/mg). When O preceded biologically active carbon (BAC) or biologically active anthracite, geosmin removals of 80% and 81%, respectively, were observed at 10 °C; this increased to 89% and 90%, respectively, at 16 °C. Optimal MIB removal (67%) was achieved with 0.1 HO/O (mg/mg) in combination with BAC at 16 °C. In general, geosmin proved to be more amenable to biodegradation than MIB. BAC without pre-oxidation removed 87% geosmin and 85% MIB, at 22 °C. MIB removals decreased to 60% and 46%, respectively at 16 °C and 10 °C. The application of 0.2 HO/O (mg/mg) prior to BAC provided treatment which effectively removed geosmin and MIB. However, in terms of DBP precursor reduction, there was no beneficial impact of HO addition on trihalomethane or haloacetic acid formation potentials.

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Section: List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone/peroxide advanced oxidation in combination with biofiltration for taste and odour control and organics removal

Beniwal

Taylor-Edmonds

Armour³

2018

Chemosphere

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“…Biofiltration provides water quality benefits such as improved distribution system biostability and biodegradation of organic carbon, disinfection byproduct precursors, and other contaminants, [1][2][3][4] while meeting regulatory filter effluent turbidity guidelines. 5 Monitoring biofilter efficiency may include water quality parameters such as biological activity (i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP)), dissolved oxygen consumption, or various organic carbon measurements (e.g., biodegradable/assimilable organic carbon, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices, size-exclusion chromatography, etc.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

Vera

Gerrity

Stoker

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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a Drinking water filters may be operated to promote or deter biological activity through upstream oxidant addition. While there are several water quality benefits from biofiltration, microbial growth in biofilters warrants further investigation. In this study, routine monitoring detected target DNA sequences for Naegleria fowleri in source water and Acanthamoeba spp. in source water and biofilter effluent, triggering further microbial community characterization. Full-scale anthracite and granular activated carbon (GAC) filters receiving chlorinated waters were compared in terms of effluent water quality (i.e., turbidity and particle counts), biological activity (i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP)), and the composition of the microbial community (i.e., 16S/18S rRNA gene sequencing, free-living amoeba). Because of rapid chlorine quenching by GAC, greater biomass development was observed in the GAC biofilter (ATP = 5 × 10 3 -5 × 10 4 pg cm −3 media) than the anthracite filter (ATP = 4 × 10 2 -1 × 10 3 pg cm −3 media). Due to possible sloughed biomass, GAC effluent also had consistently greater turbidity, particle counts, and cellular ATP than the anthracite filter. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed distinct taxonomic differences between the anthracite and GAC filters, and GAC also hosted a more diverse population (Shannon index: GAC = 3.7-5.0 and anthracite = 2.4-2.9). At the genus level, the anthracite filter contained mostly Undibacterium-like taxon (45-68%), while the GAC biofilter was dominated by Massilia (8-36%), Herbaspirillum (2-44%), and unknown Comamonadaceae (9-18%), among others. The presence of viable free-living amoebas was also detected in the GAC biofilter media. Further characterization of the eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene showed that anthracite predominantly harbored copepod Leptodiaptomus (67%), while a majority of the sequences in GAC are unknown.

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“…3 ) compared to Cl 2 /GAC and raw/GAC. The order of breakthrough for each individual class of DBP contrasted with reported removals from pre-ozonated biofiltration that used GAC media in wastewater ( Chuang and Mitch, 2017 ) and drinking water ( De Vera et al., 2016 ; Fu et al., 2017 ). For example, GAC with pre-ozonation followed breakthrough performance ( Table 1 ) in the order HNMs ∼ HALs > HAA5 > HANs > HKs > HAMs > THMs, while Chuang and Mitch (2017) reported biofiltration removals in the order HNMs > HAMs > HALs > HKs > THMs > HAAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling disinfection byproducts from treated wastewater using adsorption with granular activated carbon: Impact of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination

et al. 2020

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This study measured chlorine- and chloramine-reactive precursors using formation potential (FP) tests of nine U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulated and 57 unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in tertiary-filtered wastewater before and after pilot-scale granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Using breakthrough of precursor concentration and of concentration associated calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (by correlating known lethal concentrations reported elsewhere), the performance of three parallel GAC treatment trains were compared against tertiary-filtered wastewater: ozone/GAC, chlorine/GAC, and GAC alone. Results show GAC alone was the primary process, versus ozone or chlorine alone, to remove the largest fraction of total chlorine- and chloramine-reactive DBP precursors and calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potencies. GAC with pre-ozonation removed the most chlorine- and chloramine-reactive DBP precursors followed by GAC with pre-chlorination and lastly GAC without pre-treatment. GAC with pre-ozonation produced an effluent with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs from FP that generally matched that of GAC without pre-oxidation; meanwhile removal of toxicity was greater by GAC with pre-chlorination. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DBPs from FP tests did not scale with DBP concentration; for example, more than 90% of the calculated cytotoxicity resulted from 20% of the DBPs, principally from haloacetaldehydes, haloacetamides, and haloacetonitriles. The calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity from DBPs associated with FP-chloramination were at times higher than with FP-chlorination though the concentration of DBPs was five times higher with FP-chlorination. The removal of DBP precursors using GAC based treatment was at least as effective as removal of DOC (except for halonitromethanes for GAC without pre-oxidation and with pre-chlorination), indicating DOC can be used as an indicator for DBP precursor adsorption efficacy. However, the DOC was not a good surrogate for total cytotoxicity and genotoxicity breakthrough behavior, therefore, unregulated DBPs could have negative health implications that are disconnected from general water quality parameters, such as DOC, and regulated classes of DBPs. Instead, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity correlate with the concentration of specific classes of unregulated DBPs.

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Biodegradability of DBP precursors after drinking water ozonation

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Ozone/peroxide advanced oxidation in combination with biofiltration for taste and odour control and organics removal

Ozone/peroxide advanced oxidation in combination with biofiltration for taste and odour control and organics removal

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

Controlling disinfection byproducts from treated wastewater using adsorption with granular activated carbon: Impact of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination

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