Biodegradable carboxymethyl cellulose based material for sustainable packaging application

Abstract

The main goal of the present work was to develop a value-added product of biodegradable material for sustainable packaging. The use of agriculture waste-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mainly is to reduce the cost involved in the development of the film, at present commercially available CMS is costly. The main focus of the research is to translate the agricultural waste-derived CMC to useful biodegradable polymer suitable for packaging material. During this process CMC was extracted from the agricultural waste mainly sugar cane bagasse and the blends were prepared using CMC (waste derived), gelatin, agar and varied concentrations of glycerol; 1.5% (sample A), 2% (sample B), and 2.5% (sample C) was added. Thus, the film derived from the sample C (gelatin + CMC + agar) with 2.0% glycerol as a plasticizer exhibited excellent properties than other samples A and B. The physiochemical properties of each developed biodegradable plastics (sample A, B, C) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling test, solubility in different solvents, oil permeability coefficient, water permeability (WP), mechanical strength of the produced material was claimed to be a good material for packaging and meanwhile its biodegradability (soil burial method) indicated their environmental compatibility nature and commercial properties. The reflected work is a novel approach, and which is vital in the conversion of organic waste to value-added product development. There is also another way to utilize commercial CMC in preparation of polymeric blends for the packaging material, which can save considerable time involved in the recovery of CMC from sugarcane bagasse.

Thermo Compression of Thermoplastic Agar-Xanthan Gum-Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blend

“…Starch-based films are reported to have increased mechanical strength when blended with agar and XG by the solvent casting method [9]. The mixing of CMC with agar and gelatin exhibited improvements in barrier and mechanical properties [10]. Additionally, the addition of natural colorants to CMC-Agar blends gave a better water vapour barrier and strength to the films [11].…”

Innovations in applications and prospects of bioplastics and biopolymers: a review

“…However, weaker hydrogen bonds diminish the mechanical properties like strength and flexibility of the cellulose-based bioplastics. Research suggests the blending cellulose with other polysaccharides such as pectin and chitosan can enhance stability, flexibility and transparency (Yaradoddi et al 2020 ). Furthermore, cellulose is water sensitive and lacks interfacial adhesion and thermal stability, making cellulose-based composites less popular.…”

Advantages and Disadvantages of Bioplastics Production from Starch and Lignocellulosic Components

“…The hydrophilic character of the carboxymethyl groups on the surface of CMC represents an important aggravating factor in maintaining bioplastic integrity [ 169 ]. The greater affinity of CMC with water in relation to CA can affect the biodegradation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based bioplastics.…”