“…In the field of tissue engineering, polyurethane (PU) scaffolds have attracted much attention and effectively promote the proliferation of macrophages, regulate the polarization of macrophages to the M2 type, promote the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells, and promote tissue and vascular regeneration. − The final properties of polyurethane significantly depend on the monomer used, and the biocompatible lysine-based isocyanate and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are two acclaimed components of PU. For example, the biodegradable lysine-derived polyurethane adhesive TissuGlu was approved by the US FDA in 2014 for use as a tissue adhesive in surgical operations, and it has been used in research in the fields of nerve repair, vascular reconstruction, and cartilage regeneration. − In addition, based on our previous works, ,− a series of waterborne polyurethanes were prepared using l -lysine ethylester diisocyanate (LDI), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and l -lysine as hard segments and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PEG as soft segments. These waterborne polyurethanes showed excellent biological characteristics for the regeneration of soft tissues. , It is speculated that the application of a hybridized biomaterial combining lysine-based polyurethane with HA to treat VF injuries can promote cell proliferation and regulate the polarization of macrophages to the M2 type, thus promote the regeneration of in situ blood vessels, and inhibit scar formation.…”