Biodegradation, Biosorption of Phenanthrene and Its Trans-Membrane Transport by Massilia sp. WF1 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract

Reducing phenanthrene (PHE) in the environment is critical to ecosystem and human health. Biodegradation, biosorption, and the trans-membrane transport mechanism of PHE by a novel strain, Massilia sp. WF1, and an extensively researched model fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated in aqueous solutions. Results showed that the PHE residual concentration decreased with incubation time and the data fitted well to a first-order kinetic equation, and the t1/2 of PHE degradation by WF1, spores, and mycelial pellets of P. chrysosporium were about 2 h, 87 days, and 87 days, respectively. The biosorbed PHE was higher in P. Chrysosporium than that in WF1, and it increased after microorganisms were inactivated and inhibited, especially in mycelial pellets. The detected intracellular auto-fluorescence of PHE by two-photon excitation microscopy also proved that PHE indeed entered into the cells. Based on regression, the intracellular (Kdin) and extracellular (Kdout) dissipation rate constants of PHE by WF1 were higher than those by spores and mycelial pellets. In addition, the transport rate constant of PHE from outside solution into cells (KinS/Vout) for WF1 were higher than the efflux rate constant of PHE from cells to outside solution (KoutS/Vin), while the opposite phenomena were observed for spores and mycelial pellets. The amount of PHE that transported from outside solution into cells was attributed to the rapid degradation and active PHE efflux in the cells of WF1 and P. Chrysosporium, respectively. Besides, the results under the inhibition treatments of 4°C, and the presence of sodium azide, colchicine, and cytochalasin B demonstrated that a passive trans-membrane transport mechanism was involved in PHE entering into the cells of WF1 and P. Chrysosporium.

DNA stable isotope probing reveals contrasted activity and phenanthrene-degrading bacteria identity in a gradient of anthropized soils

“…in PAH degradation in environmental samples, one study showed that Massilia sp. strain WF1 had high degradation ability and tolerance to PHE (Gu et al 2016). Additionally, Massilia seems to also tolerate metal contamination (Zhang et al 2016).…”

Resilience and Assemblage of Soil Microbiome in Response to Chemical Contamination Combined with Plant Growth

“…Massilia spp. are reportedly phenanthrene degraders (38), and Bacillus spp. were dominant in the n-octadecane degradation consortia (7,39).…”

Novel self‐immobilized biomass mixture based on mycelium pellets for wastewater treatment: A review

“…The first method has the following four stages: (a) formation of the cores of pellets when the bacteria join the cohesion of the spores, (b) bacterial growth and hyphae germination from the spores in the cores, (c) constantly packaging bacteria in the hyphae through the shear of water, and (d) formation of mycelium pellets when bacteria and hyphae become entire ball‐like systems. Compared to the coupled pellets produced through the second method, the first method exhibited a higher capacity to remove pollutants for fungi and bacteria (Gu et al., ). However, the operating conditions must be optimized to adjust to the environment.…”

“…Several studies investigated the specific organic pollutant removal mechanisms of the combination of pellets, bacteria, and fungi to identify the individual removal mechanism employed by bacteria, and fungi pellets for biosorption or biodegradation of the pollutants. For example, Gu studied the biodegradation and biosorption of coupled Massilia sp (Gu et al., ). WF1 and fungi pellets of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and found that WF1 had the ability to degrade phenanthrene, while the Phanerochaete chrysosporium can produce mycelia pellets.…”