Biodegradation of 2,6-Dichlorophenol Wastewater in Soil Column Reactor in the Presence of Pineapple Peels-Derived Activated Carbon, Palm Kernel Oil and Inorganic Fertilizer

Abstract

In this study, the potential effects of palm kernel oil (PKO), pineapple peels derived-activated carbon (PPAC) and NPK fertilizer (20:10:10) as amendment agents on the natural bioattenuation of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in tropical agricultural soil were investigated. The effect of PPAC dosage on 2,6-DCP biodegradation was also studied. Column reactors containing soil were spiked with 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) wastewater (300 mg/l) and amended with PKO, NPK fertilizer and PPAC alone or in combinations. The rates of 2,6-DCP biodegradation were studied for a remediation period of 42 days under laboratory conditions. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between the rate of 2,6-DCP biodegradation, bacterial growth rate and presence of NPK fertilizer and PPAC (alone or in combination) in soil column microcosms contaminated with 2,6-DCP. The 2,6-DCP biodegradation data fitted well to the first-order kinetic model. The model revealed that 2,6-DCP contaminated-soil microcosms amended with NPK fertilizer and PPAC (alone or in combination) had higher biodegradation rate constants (k) as well as lower half-life times (t 1/2 ) than soil column microcosms amended with PKO and unamended soil (natural attenuation) remediation system. Thus, the use of combined NPK fertilizer and activated carbon (NPK + PPAC) to enhance 2,6-DCP degradation in the soil could be one of the severally sought bioremediation strategies of remediating natural ecosystem (environment) contaminated with organic chemicals.

Biochar and activated carbon act as promising amendments for promoting the microbial debromination of tetrabromobisphenol A

“…First, it could be hypothesized that carbonaceous amendments directly affected the growth of the TBBPA-degrading taxa (i.e., the positive responders) by providing them with a source of nutrients and readily usable carbon for their growth, as suggested by Agarry et al (2013). In addition, BC and AC could also have been used as a physical support for the formation of a TBBPA-degrading microbial biofilm.…”

“…However, conversely because of their extraordinary sorption capabilities, there is a concern that organic compounds strongly adsorbed onto BC and AC surfaces will no longer be bioavailable for microbial degradation. Although carbonaceous amendments have been shown to slow down the biodegradation of some herbicides (Muter et al, 2014), and even prevent BDE-47 degradation by a degrading strain of Pseudomonas putida (Xin et al, 2014), most studies have reported an increase in the biodegradability of a wide range of organic pollutants in the presence of BC and AC, including, pentachlorophenol (Tong et al, 2014; Yu et al, 2015), azo dyes (Van Der Zee et al, 2003), phenanthrene (Leglize et al, 2008), 2,6-Dichlorophenol (Agarry et al, 2013), and polychlorinated biphenyls (Kjellerup et al, 2014). These findings suggest that combining both carbonaceous amendment materials and microbial degradation could be a promising strategy to improve the removal of a wide range of contaminants from wastewater and sludge.…”

Kinetics of petroleum oil biodegradation by a consortium of three protozoan isolates ( Aspidisca sp., Trachelophyllum sp. and Peranema sp.)

“…The biodegradation of petroleum oil is described by first-order kinetics [5] , [24] and the values were calculated using Eq. (2): where C is the concentration of hydrocarbon (g/kg) at a certain time, C 0 is the initial concentration of hydrocarbon (g/kg), k is the rate constant of the change in the oil content (day −1 ) and t is the study period (day).…”

Kinetic Modelling and Half Life Study of Adsorptive Bioremediation of Soil Artificially Contaminated With Bonny Light Crude Oil

“…For CAC-soil amended microcosms; the THDB count increased 6 CFU/g; 36 to 58×10 6 CFU/g; and 38 to 64×10 6 CFU/g for 0.48 mm, 0.07 mm and 0.02 mm particle size of supplemented CAC, respectively (Figure 3a) while it increased from 26 to 46×10 6 CFU/g; 32 to 52×10 6 CFU/g; and 34 to 57×10 6 CFU/g for 20 g, 30 g and 40 g of supplemented CAC, respectively (Figure 3b). Thus, higher microbial counts were observed for microcosms with relatively smaller particle size of CAC as well as soil microcosm with higher dosage of CAC.…”