Biodegradation of didecyldimethylammonium chloride by Pseudomonas fluorescens TN4 isolated from activated sludge

Nishihara, Tsutomu; Okamoto, T.; Nishiyama, Naohiro

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01007.x

Cited by 99 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The toxicity of QACs increases with increasing chain length of the alkyl moiety (6). The DDAC-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens TN4 showed a very similar pattern regarding specificity of the growth substrate (14). Strain TN4 grew on basal medium containing C10-C16 QACs but not on basal medium containing C18 QACs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. Strain 7-6 to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Degradation via Dual Pathways

Takenaka

Tonoki

Taira

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pseudomonas sp. strain 7-6, isolated from active sludge obtained from a wastewater facility, utilized a quaternary ammonium surfactant, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), as its sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. When initially grown in the presence of 10 mM DTAC medium, the isolate was unable to degrade DTAC. The strain was cultivated in gradually increasing concentrations of the surfactant until continuous exposure led to high tolerance and biodegradation of the compound. Based on the identification of five metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, two possible pathways for DTAC metabolism were proposed. In pathway 1, DTAC is converted to lauric acid via n-dodecanal with the release of trimethylamine; in pathway 2, DTAC is converted to lauric acid via n-dodecyldimethylamine and then n-dodecanal with the release of dimethylamine. Among the identified metabolites, the strain precultivated on DTAC medium could utilize n-dodecanal and lauric acid as sole carbon sources and trimethylamine and dimethylamine as sole nitrogen sources, but it could not efficiently utilize n-dodecyldimethylamine. These results indicated pathway 1 is the main pathway for the degradation of DTAC.Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) containing a long-chain alkyl group or a benzyl group are cationic surfactants that are widely used in several applications, including as antistatic agents, emulsifiers-dispersants, dye auxiliaries, surface treatment agents, osmotic agents, and hair rinses (8). QACs are also contained in synthetic detergents to reduce static electricity in clothing and improve fabric suppleness. In addition, the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of these compounds, as well as their ability to damage cell membranes and to denature cell proteins, have favored their widespread use in domestic cleaning products (1, 6, 7). Since most of the above-mentioned products are released into the environment through routine disposal wastewater, the accumulation and aquatic toxicity of quaternary-ammonium-based surfactants have been the focus of several studies (4,20).Several researchers have reported adaptation to QACs by aquatic organisms through their repeated exposure to these compounds (19) and the biodegradation of QACs by pure cultures of bacteria (18). McBain et al. showed that repeated exposure of pure cultures, especially Ralstonia sp., altered their susceptibility to QACs (11). In addition, a mixture of Pseudomonas sp. and Xanthomonas sp. isolated from soil and sewage grew well on medium containing decyltrimethylammonium salt as the sole carbon source. Xanthomonas sp. oxidized the terminal carbon of the alkyl chain of QAC (2). Pseudomonas sp. strain B1, isolated from activated sludge, grew well on hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (the C16 alkyl QAC in this report), using the compound as a carbon and energy source (17). However, strain B1 could not utilize the intermediate, trimethylamine, as a nitrogen source. Although these findings indicate the metabolic fates of QACs in an aquatic envir...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Strain NT4 also utilizes DDAC as the sole carbon source. However, Nishihara et al suggested that the metabolite dimethylamine, from DDAC, is further metabolized by strain TN4 and/or evaporated from the medium due to its volatility (14). Xanthomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. Strain 7-6 to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Degradation via Dual Pathways

Takenaka

Tonoki

Taira

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pseudomonas fluorescens has been reported to utilize a dialkyl-QAC, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, as a sole carbon source (26). Pseudomonads have also been reported to utilize dodecyldimethylamine (20) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (43).…”

Section: Vol 49 2005 Integron Incidence In a Qac-polluted Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Class 1 Integrons in a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Polluted Environment

Gaze

Abdouslam

Hawkey

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

217

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Samples of effluent and soil were collected from a reed bed system used to remediate liquid waste from a wool finishing mill with a high use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and were compared with samples of agricultural soils. Resistance quotients of aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to ditallowdimethylammomium chloride (DTDMAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were established by plating onto nutrient agar containing 5 g/ml or 50 g/ml DTDMAC or CTAB. Approximately 500 isolates were obtained and screened for the presence of the intI1 (class 1 integrase), qacE (multidrug efflux), and qacE⌬1 (attenuated qacE) genes. QAC resistance was higher in isolates from reed bed samples, and class 1 integron incidence was significantly higher for populations that were preexposed to QACs. This is the first study to demonstrate that QAC selection in the natural environment has the potential to coselect for antibiotic resistance, as class 1 integrons are well-established vectors for cassette genes encoding antibiotic resistance.

show abstract

“…It is therefore unlikely to be a mechanism of resistance to these compounds (249), but will assist in the removal of such agents from the environment. Recently, Nishihara et al (205) described the inactivation of didecyldimethylammoniun chloride by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Meade (M. Meade, Abstr. 100th Annu.…”

Section: Reduced Susceptibility To Biocides Associated With Inductivementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has recently been much controversy surrounding the increased use of antibacterial substances in a wide range of consumer products and the possibility that, as with antibiotics, indiscriminate use of biocides might contribute to the overall pattern of susceptibility in the general environment and in the clinic. Such speculation, based on the isolation of resistant mutants from in vitro monoculture experiments, is not reflected by an emergence of biocide-resistant strains in vivo. This review provides a broad coverage of the biocide and resistance literature and evaluates the potential risks, perceived from such laboratory monoculture experiments, against evidence gathered over 50 years of field studies. An explanation for the continued effectiveness of broad-spectrum biocidal agents against the decline in efficacy of therapeutic agents is provided based on the fitness costs of resistance and the ubiquity of naturally occurring substances that possess antibacterial effect. While we conclude from this review of the literature that the incorporation of antibacterial agents into a widening sphere of personal products has had little or no impact on the patterns of microbial susceptibility observed in the environment, the associated risks remain finite. The use of such products should therefore be associated with a clear demonstration of added value either to consumer health or to the product life. Hygienic products should therefore be targeted to applications for which the risks have been established

show abstract

Biodegradation of didecyldimethylammonium chloride by Pseudomonas fluorescens TN4 isolated from activated sludge

Cited by 99 publications

References 11 publications

Adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. Strain 7-6 to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Degradation via Dual Pathways

Adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. Strain 7-6 to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Their Degradation via Dual Pathways

Incidence of Class 1 Integrons in a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Polluted Environment

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About