Biodegradation of dimethylsilanediol in soils

Sabourin, Cheryl L.; Carpenter, John C.; Leib, Terry K.; Spivack, James L.

doi:10.1128/aem.62.12.4352-4360.1996

Cited by 68 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…MMST was detected above the detection limit in all 10 fasting urine samples collected following supplementation with MMST. The applicant argued that the increase in fasting serum levels and urinary levels of silicon following 4 weeks intervention with MMST, cannot be explained by a simple linear increase in MMST concentrations and, thus, implies bioconversion of MMST to OSA [Si(OH) 4 ] as previously proposed in other studies (Tacke and Linoh 1989;Sabourin et al 1996;Hirner et al 2003;Graiver et al 2003;Varaprath et al, 2003). MMST is the smallest possible organosilicon molecule and its in vivo anabolism to form larger organosilicon species was neither expected nor detected by 1 H-NMR.…”

Section: Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Excretionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Safety of organic silicon (monomethylsilanetriol, MMST) as a novel food ingredient for use as a source of silicon in food supplements and bioavailability of orthosilicic acid from the source

2016

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food (ANS) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of organic silicon (monomethylsilanetriol, MMST) as a novel food ingredient for use as a source of silicon in food supplements, and on the bioavailability of silicon from this source. MMST is proposed to be used as an aqueous solution at a concentration of 4.1 mM, corresponding to 115 mg Si/L. The anticipated intake of silicon from the proposed uses and use levels of 60-90 mL/day of MMST solution corresponds to approximately 7-10 mg Si/day. Data from in vitro and in vivo tests showed no genotoxic effect of MMST. From a 90-day toxicity study in rats a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was set at the concentration of 20.5 mM of MMST, corresponding to 232 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day of MMST, the highest dose tested and technically achievable. The Panel considered these data as fulfilling the requirements for the evaluation of the safety of the novel food ingredient and did not request additional testing neither for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity nor for reprotoxicity and developmental toxicity. The Panel therefore concluded that the proposed use and use levels of MMST as a source of silicon to be used in food supplements is not of safety concern. The conversion of MMST to orthosilicic acid (OSA), the form under which silicon is typically present in food, could not be directly measured, and therefore, the Panel based its opinion on the indirect evidence provided and concluded that OSA is released from MMST and silicon bioavailable from the source. The Panel did not conclude on the safety of MMST in terms of the amount of silicon that may be consumed, as this is outside the remit of the ANS Panel. © European Food Safety Authority, 2016Keywords: organic silicon, monomethylsilanetriol, MMST, nutrient source, novel food ingredient, food supplements

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Section: Absorption Distribution Metabolism and Excretionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Si-OH bonds). This was found to occur in the stomach of mammals, such as dogs (Tacke and Linoh, 1989) and rats (Graiver et al, 2003), and presumably also in humans, or via enzymatic conversion as in the studies by Sabourin et al (1996), Hirner et al (2003) or Graiver et al(2003).…”

Section: Bioavailability Of Si From Mmstmentioning

confidence: 89%

Safety of organic silicon (monomethylsilanetriol, MMST) as a novel food ingredient for use as a source of silicon in food supplements and bioavailability of orthosilicic acid from the source

2016

EFS2

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“…All other chemicals were reagent grade or better. A minimal medium, containing only essential salts and metals, was prepared as described previously [8]. When possible, plastic labware was used to store solutions and to grow biological cultures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The KOH traps were used to trap 14 The entire contents of the KOH trap were withdrawn with a sterile needle and transferred to a screw-cap vial. The amount of 14 CO 2 trapped was determined by liquid scintillation counting, as described previously [8]. One-milliliter aliquots of the KOH trap were measured into each of two scintillation vials.…”

Section: Measuring Of Koh Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralization of Dimethylsilanediol by Microorganisms Isolated From Soil

Sabourin¹,

Carpenter²,

Leib³

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Previous studies have shown that polydimethylsiloxane is hydrolyzed in soil to dimethylsilanediol and that dimethylsilanediol is biodegraded in soil. Previously, two soil microorganisms capable of biodegrading dimethylsilanediol were isolated and identified. In this paper, the extent of [ 14 C]dimethylsilanediol biodegradation by these two soil microorganisms, Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl and an Arthrobacter species, is investigated. The silicon-containing products of dimethylsilanediol biodegradation in liquid culture were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to argon plasma emission spectrometry (HPLC-ICP). The biodegradation of [ 14 C]methylsilanetriol was investigated in liquid cultures and in soil by monitoring the production of 14 CO 2 . The sorption coefficient of [ 14 C]methylsilanetriol was determined, and the sorption coefficient of [ 14 C]dimethylsilanediol was estimated, by measuring the amount of 14 C counts in the water phase of a water-soil mixture. Methylsilanetriol was found to be mineralized in liquid cultures of F. oxysporum Schlecht. and the Arthrobacter sp. that were supplied with a primary carbon source. However, the production of 14 CO 2 from [ 14 C]methylsilanetriol in soil experiments never exceeded the level of possible [ 14 C]-containing impurities in the methylsilanetriol. Methylsilanetriol was found to be more strongly sorbed to soil, which might have reduced its bioavailability. Previous evidence has shown that polydimethylsiloxane is hydrolyzed in soil to the monomer dimethylsilanediol, which is biodegraded in soil. Now mineralization of dimethylsilanediol to inorganic silicate has been demonstrated.

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Silicones

Butts

Cella

Wood

et al. 2002

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Silicon are a class of materials with unique properties that make them useful in a variety of applications of commercial interest and support a thriving global industry. This article updates a comprehensive survey of the chemistry and technology of silicones last published in Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology in 1997. The update contains more than 235 references not cited in the previous version and includes literature published through 2001. A new section dealing with fiber finishing applications has been included in the current version. The review provides an excellent primary reference for this interesting area of chemistry and technology.

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Biodegradation of dimethylsilanediol in soils

Cited by 68 publications

References 31 publications

Safety of organic silicon (monomethylsilanetriol, MMST) as a novel food ingredient for use as a source of silicon in food supplements and bioavailability of orthosilicic acid from the source

Safety of organic silicon (monomethylsilanetriol, MMST) as a novel food ingredient for use as a source of silicon in food supplements and bioavailability of orthosilicic acid from the source

Mineralization of Dimethylsilanediol by Microorganisms Isolated From Soil

Silicones

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