Biodegradation of n -Alkylcycloalkanes and n -Alkylbenzenes via New Pathways in Alcanivorax sp. Strain MBIC 4326

Abstract

The degradation of long-chain n-alkylbenzenes and n-alkylcyclohexanes by Alcanivorax sp. strain MBIC 4326 was investigated. The alkyl side chain of these compounds was mainly processed by ␤-oxidation. In the degradation of n-alkylcyclohexanes, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was formed as an intermediate. This compound was further transformed to benzoic acid via 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid.

Obligate oil-degrading marine bacteria

“…DQ337077; [28]), hydrocarbon-polluted saline soil ( [29]) and various geothermal areas in Italy and USA (Yellowstone) [30,31] (Figure 2). This ubiquity of A. borkumensis is presumably due to its capacity to grow on many saturated petroleum fraction constituents and on biogenic hydrocarbons: straight-chain and branched alkanes, isoprenoids, and long-side-chain alkyl compounds, including alkylmonocycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, and organic alkyl-sulfuric compounds [32,33]. A. borkumensis associated with marine invertebrates seems to reflect a special ecological niche containing readily accessible hydrocarbons produced by the animal partners.…”

“…borkumensis strain SK2 degrades straight-chain alkanes up to C 32 in length, long-chain isoprenoids, phytane and pristine, and alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons [32,33]. Although growth on isoprenoids typically involves a long lag-phase, doubling times of exponentially-growing cultures are similar on hexadecane (0.115±0.03 h -1 ) and pristane (0.106±0.016 h -1 ).…”

Marine Oil-Degrading Microorganisms and Biodegradation Process of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Marine Environments: A Review

“…[35] Naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene Aeram onas punctata TII [14,53] Phenanthrene and Chrysene Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinomonas [31] n-Alkanes aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene Cycloclasticus oligotrophus [23,73] n-Alkanes, branched alkanes and alkylbenzenes Alcanivorax sp. [22,29,30,48,75] Aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkanoles, and alkanoates Oleiphilusand, Oleispira [28,74] Alkanes…”

Short chain ladderanes: Oxic biodegradation products of anammox lipids

“…For example, several microorganisms are able to degrade n-alkylcyclohexanes by an alkyl side chain oxidation pathway, the so-called b-oxidation pathway (Beam and Perry, 1974;Dutta and Harayama, 2001;Koma et al, 2003). This pathway includes four reactions that occur in repeated cycles.…”

“…1) (cf. Dutta and Harayama, 2001). Component II could be derived from III by further oxidation of the alkyl side chain by two carbon atoms during ongoing degradation.…”