Biodegradation of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Coploymer via Sugars Attached to the Polymer Chain

Singh, Rakesh; Gupta, Rishi; Adsul, Mukund; Kuhad, Ramesh Chander; Gokhale, D. V.; Varma, A.J.

doi:10.4236/ampc.2013.32017

AMPC

2013

DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2013.32017

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Biodegradation of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Coploymer via Sugars Attached to the Polymer Chain

Rakesh Singh¹,

Rishi Gupta²,

Mukund Adsul³

et al.

Abstract: A synthetic method was developed to chemically attach few molecules of simple sugars like glucose, mannose, galactose, maltose and xylose (0.09 -0.37 wt%) and with quaternary nitrogen pendants (0.42 -0.46 atomic%) along the polybutadiene section of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) block copolymer. These functionalized SBS copolymers were evaluated for biodegradation using the fungal culture Aspergillus niger NCIM 1025 (ATCC 9642) and bacterial culture Pseudomonas sp. NCIM 2220, and for a… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Improving the Performance and Biodegradability of Biocomposites Made from Banana Sap and Banana Fibres

Paul,

Muniyasamy,

Kanny

et al. 2024

Journal of Chemistry

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Biobased biodegradable materials are gaining popularity with increasing public awareness on the negative impacts of conventional plastics on the environment. There is, however, a lack of promising biobased materials suitable for various end‐use applications that are also environmentally safe. Recently, banana sap and banana fibres have been explored as a potential source of organic material as they are abundant, cost‐efficient, and environmentally friendly. In this study, two hybrid bioresins (1) banana sap maleate (BSM) and (2) banana sap maleate + banana fibre (BSMF) were developed, and their material properties and environmental suitability were examined by analysing their physicochemical characterisation and biodegradation testing. We used thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the physicochemical characterisation of BSMF before and after composting and measured carbon dioxide evolved during the biodegradation to calculate biodegradability. SEM analysis also showed a significant disintegration and surface degradation in BSMF compared to BSM and other control materials such as control resin and cellulose. CO2 mineralization results indicated a potential microbial bioassimilation of the materials under composting conditions. Biodegradability of the BSMF composite, as indicated by CO2 emission, was 17.6% higher than BSM and other control materials used in this study. The present study provides crucial evidence that the reinforcement of banana fibre into banana sap bioresin composite can significantly improve material properties and enhance biodegradability in the composting conditions. These results are quite promising as they show that, with some tweaking; natural materials can reduce environmental impact of composites and improve material properties for different end‐use applications and involves less exploitation of nonrenewable resources for polymer production. This study also provides an avenue to consider BSMF for carrying out our future life cycle assessment (LCA) and to compare with commercial product’s LCA. In a circular economy approach, characteristics such as durability, environmental toxicity, and recyclability of such materials should be studied and optimised to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact.

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Improving the Performance and Biodegradability of Biocomposites Made from Banana Sap and Banana Fibres

Paul,

Muniyasamy,

Kanny

et al. 2024

Journal of Chemistry

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Influence of Biogenic Material Content on the Biodegradability of Styrene-Butadiene Composites with Incorporated Chlorella vulgaris Biomass

Bumbac,

Nicolescu,

Zaharescu

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Bio-fillers are intensively studied for advanced polymer composite circular design and production. In this context, the algal biomass may be considered an important and relatively low-cost resource, when harvested as a by-product from wastewater treatment plants. The biomass of the algal species Chlorella vulgaris is frequently used in this type of environmental process, and its macro constituents’ composition ranges from around 15–25% carbohydrates, 10–20% lipids, and 50–60% proteins. Poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) copolymers have a matrix composed of glassy polystyrene domains connected by flexible polybutadiene segments. Although the physical-mechanical properties of SBS copolymers recommend them for many industrial applications, they have the drawback of low biodegradability. This study aimed to assess the aerobic biodegradability of polymer composites by integrating biomass from Chlorella vulgaris at varying mass percentages of 5, 10, and 20% into SBS copolymer composites. Biodegradation tests were conducted under industrial composting conditions (58 °C and 50% relative humidity) for 180 days. The biodegradability of materials was evaluated by measuring the CO2 produced in each vessel during the study period. Potential correlations between the amount of carbon dioxide released and the percentage of biomass added to the polymer matrix were examined. Structural and morphological changes were assessed using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical and chemical testing revealed a decrease in sample density after the industrial composting test, along with noticeable changes in melt flow index (MFI). The observed physical and chemical changes, coupled with FTIR, SEM, and DSC data, indicate increased cross-linking and higher porosity in biodegraded polymer structures with higher biomass content. This behavior is likely due to the formation of cross-linked connections between polymer chains and polypeptide chains resulting from protein degradation, enhancing connections between polystyrene units facilitated by peptide bonds with the benzene units of the styrene blocks within the polymer matrix.

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Biodegradation of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Coploymer via Sugars Attached to the Polymer Chain

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Improving the Performance and Biodegradability of Biocomposites Made from Banana Sap and Banana Fibres

Improving the Performance and Biodegradability of Biocomposites Made from Banana Sap and Banana Fibres

Influence of Biogenic Material Content on the Biodegradability of Styrene-Butadiene Composites with Incorporated Chlorella vulgaris Biomass

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