BIODEHALOGENATION: RAPID METABOLISM OF VINYL CHLORIDE BY A SOIL PSEUDOMONAS sp. DIRECT HYDROLYSIS OF A VINYL C-Cl BOND

Castro, C. E.; Wade, R. S.; Riebeth, D.M.; Bartnicki, Eleanor W.; Belser, N. O.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[757:brmovc]2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

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“…reported that can use VC as a growth substrate. Castro et al (8) demonstrated biodegradation of VC by a Pseudomonas sp., but the culture first had to be grown on 3-chloroproponol as the primary substrate. Cometabolism of VC began with a direct hydroxylation of the C-Cl bond to produce acetaldehyde.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of an Isolate That Uses Vinyl Chloride as a Growth Substrate under Aerobic Conditions

Verce

Ulrich

Freedman

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

110

127

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An aerobic enrichment culture was developed by using vinyl chloride (VC) as the sole organic carbon and electron donor source. VC concentrations as high as 7.3 mM were biodegraded without apparent inhibition. VC use did not occur when nitrate was provided as the electron acceptor. A gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile isolate was obtained from the enrichment culture and identified based on biochemical characteristics and the sequence of its 16S rRNA gene as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, designated strain MF1. The observed yield of MF1 when it was grown on VC was 0.20 mg of total suspended solids (TSS)/mg of VC. Ethene, acetate, glyoxylate, and glycolate also served as growth substrates, while ethane, chloroacetate, glycolaldehyde, and phenol did not. Stoichiometric release of chloride and minimal accumulation of soluble metabolites following VC consumption indicated that the predominant fate for VC is mineralization and incorporation into cell material. MF1 resumed consumption of VC after at least 24 days when none was provided, unlike various mycobacteria that lost their VC-degrading ability after brief periods in the absence of VC. When deprived of oxygen for 2.5 days, MF1 did not regain the ability to grow on VC, and a portion of the VC was transformed into VC-epoxide. Acetylene inhibited VC consumption by MF1, suggesting the involvement of a monooxygenase in the initial step of VC metabolism. The maximum specific VC utilization rate for MF1 was 0.41 mol of VC/mg of TSS/day, the maximum specific growth rate was 0.0048/day, and the Monod half-saturation coefficient was 0.26 M. A higher yield and faster kinetics occurred when MF1 grew on ethene. When grown on ethene, MF1 was able to switch to VC as a substrate without a lag. It therefore appears feasible to grow MF1 on a nontoxic substrate and then apply it to environments that do not exhibit a capacity for aerobic biodegradation of VC.Contamination of groundwater with vinyl chloride (VC) occurs primarily via anaerobic reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (45). The maximum contaminant level for VC in drinking water is 2 g/liter, which is lower than for any other volatile organic compound (34). This is consistent with the fact that VC is a known human carcinogen. Reductive dechlorination of VC to ethene (11, 16) and anaerobic oxidation of VC under ironreducing and methanogenic conditions (4, 6) often occur at relatively low rates. The potential for persistence of VC has long been a concern with the exclusive reliance on anaerobic dechlorination as a method for groundwater remediation.In contrast, it is generally accepted that VC is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions. Cometabolism of VC has been demonstrated with numerous primary substrates, including ethene (17, 28), ethane (17), methane (8, 12), propane (30, 32), propylene (14), isoprene (15), 3-chloropropanol (8), and ammonia (37, 44). Under such conditions, cometabolism of VC occurs faster and with less apparent toxicity than cometabolism of more chlori...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cometabolism of VC has been demonstrated with numerous primary substrates, including ethene (17,28), ethane (17), methane (8,12), propane (30,32), propylene (14), isoprene (15), 3-chloropropanol (8), and ammonia (37,44). Under such conditions, cometabolism of VC occurs faster and with less apparent toxicity than cometabolism of more chlorinated alkenes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Isolate That Uses Vinyl Chloride as a Growth Substrate under Aerobic Conditions

Verce

Ulrich

Freedman

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

110

127

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“…(Verce et al, 2000) are capable of growth on VC as a primary substrate. Furthermore, a wide range of aerobic bacteria cometabolize VC when grown on a variety of primary substrates, such as ethane (Freedman and Herz, 1996;Freedman and Verce, 1997), ethene (Freedman and Herz, 1996;Freedman and Verce, 1997;Koziollek et al, 1999), propene (Ensign et al, 1992), isoprene (Ewers et al, 1990), isopropylbenzene (Dabrock et al, 1992), 3-chloropropanol (Castro et al, 1992), ammonia (Rasche et al, 1991;Vannelli et al, 1990), butane (Hamamura et al, 1997), propane (Malachowsky et al, 1994;Phelps et al, 1991), and methane (Dolan and McCarty, 1995a,b;Fogel et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the kinetics of vinyl chloride cometabolism by an ethane-grownPseudomonas sp.

Verce

Freedman

2000

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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“…Finally the chlorooxirane can abiotically rearrange to form chloroacetaldehyde prior to becoming oxidized to chloroacetic acid. An alternative route via direct hydrolysis of VC to acetaldehyde was suggested to be catalyzed by resting cells of a Pseudomonas strain isolated from soil (Castro et al 1992b). The loss of tDCE epoxide formed from tDCE in methane-oxidizing cultures was shown to be abiotic following a first-order rate decay with a half-life of 31 h (Janssen et al 1988).…”

Section: Microbiology and Biochemistry Of Lower Chlorinated Ethene Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradability of chlorinated solvents and related chlorinated aliphatic compounds

Field

Sierra-Álvarez

2004

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

130

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The biodegradability of chlorinated methanes, chlorinated ethanes, chlorinated ethenes, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorinated acetic acids, chlorinated propanoids and chlorinated butadienes was evaluated based on literature data. Evidence for the biodegradation of compounds in all of the compound categories evaluated has been reported. A broad range of chlorinated aliphatic structures are susceptible to biodegradation under a variety of physiological and redox conditions. Microbial biodegradation of a wide variety of chlorinated aliphatic compounds was shown to occur under five physiological conditions. However, any given physiological condition could only act upon a subset of the chlorinated compounds. Firstly, chlorinated compounds are used as an electron donor and carbon source under aerobic conditions. Secondly, chlorinated compounds are cometabolized under aerobic conditions while the microorganisms are growing (or otherwise already have grown) on another primary substrate. Thirdly, chlorinated compounds are also degraded under anaerobic conditions in which they are utilized as an electron donor and carbon source. Fourthly, chlorinated compounds can serve as an electron acceptor to support respiration of anaerobic microorganisms utilizing simple electron donating substrates. Lastly chlorinated compounds are subject to anaerobic cometabolism becoming biotransformed while the microorganisms grow on other primary substrate or electron acceptor. The literature survey demonstrates that, in many cases, chlorinated compounds are completely mineralised to benign end products. Additionally, biodegradation can occur rapidly. Growth rates exceeding 1 d )1 were observed for many compounds. Most compound categories include chlorinated structures that are used to support microbial growth. Growth can be due to the use of the chlorinated compound as an electron donor or alternatively to the use of the chlorinated compound as an electron acceptor (halorespiration). Biodegradation linked to growth is important, since under such conditions, rates of degradation will increase as the microbial population (biocatalyst) increases. Combinations of redox conditions are favorable for the biodegradation of highly chlorinated structures that are recalcitrant to degradation under aerobic conditions. However, under anaerobic conditions, highly chlorinated structures are partially dehalogenated to lower chlorinated counterparts. The lower chlorinated compounds are subsequently more readily mineralized under aerobic conditions.Abbreviations: A

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BIODEHALOGENATION: RAPID METABOLISM OF VINYL CHLORIDE BY A SOIL PSEUDOMONAS sp. DIRECT HYDROLYSIS OF A VINYL C-Cl BOND

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of an Isolate That Uses Vinyl Chloride as a Growth Substrate under Aerobic Conditions

Characterization of an Isolate That Uses Vinyl Chloride as a Growth Substrate under Aerobic Conditions

Modeling the kinetics of vinyl chloride cometabolism by an ethane-grownPseudomonas sp.

Biodegradability of chlorinated solvents and related chlorinated aliphatic compounds

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