Biodiesel from soybean promotes cell proliferation in vitro

Abstract

Toxicological responses of exhaust emissions of biodiesel are different due to variation in methods of generation and the tested biological models. A chemical profile was generated using ICP-MS and GC-MS for the biodiesel samples obtained in Brazil. A cytotoxicity assay and cytokine secretion experiments were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Cells were exposed to polar (acetone) and nonpolar (hexane) extracts from particles obtained from fuel exhaust: fossil diesel (B5), pure soybean biodiesel (B100), soybean biodiesel with additive (B100A) and ethanol additive (EtOH). Biodiesel and its additives exhibited higher organic and inorganic constituents on particles when compared to B5. The biodiesel extracts did not exert any toxic effect at concentrations 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg mL -1. In fact quite the opposite, a cell proliferation effect induced by the B100 and B100A extracts is reported. A small increase in concentrations of inflammatory mediators (Interleukin-6, IL-6; and Interleukin-8, IL-8) in the medium of biodiesel-treated cells was observed, however, no statistical difference was found. An interesting finding indicates that the presence of metals in the nonpolar (hexane) fraction of biodiesel fuel (B100) represses cytokine release in lung cells. This was revealed by the use of the metal chelator. Results suggest that metals associated with biodiesel’s organic constituents might play a significant role in molecular mechanisms associated to cellular proliferation and immune responses.

Bioremediation of cooking oil waste using lipases from wastes

“…Therefore, it was concluded that the core and frit lipases were effective in the bioremediation of soybean oil wastes through transesterification ( Fig 9A and 9C ). The results of the transesterification reaction corroborate those found by other authors [ 32 ] who analyzed soybean oil samples modified through transesterification using ethanol and found increased BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial cells) proliferation. However, we suggest evaluating these effects on other cell lines since the skin tissue presents more types of cellular phenotypes than fibroblasts.…”

Soy Biodiesel Exhaust is More Toxic than Mineral Diesel Exhaust in Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells

“…8 The results of previous studies comparing the gaseous outputs of the two exhausts vary considerably. 4,9,38,39 The majority have found that biodiesel exhaust contains more NO x as well as a decrease in the average size of the particulate matter, 4,7,8 and this study has found similar results. Long-term exposure to NO x (made primarily of NO and NO 2 ) is associated with decreased lung volume, increased allergen response, and increased risk of respiratory infections.…”

“…Combustion of both diesel and biodiesel results in the generation of toxic gases and respiratory irritants such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide . The results of previous studies comparing the gaseous outputs of the two exhausts vary considerably 4,9,33,34 . The majority have found that biodiesel exhaust contains more NOx as well as a decrease in the average size of the particulate matter 4,7,8 and this study has found similar results.…”

“…The particulate matter phase of exhaust is defined as the inert elemental carbon particles created during combustion and the potentially toxic chemicals adsorbed to their surface; including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and heavy metals. , Despite the fact that the elemental carbon particles within the particulate matter itself are relatively inert, inhalation causes respiratory irritation and the inhalation of ultrafine particulate matter is associated with worsening health outcomes including pulmonary inflammation, exacerbation of existing respiratory diseases, increased blood pressure, and increased risk of heart failure as the small size of the particles allows entrance directly into the cardiovascular system, bypassing the lung barrier function entirely. , Asthma sufferers are particularly susceptible to adverse effects from inhalation, and exacerbation of childhood asthma has been associated with ultrafine particulate pollution …”

Inflammation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity responses to biodiesel emissions in cultured mammalian cells and animals

“…Jalava et al 2012) RME30(Jalava et al 2012) B20 (Bhavaruju et al 2014) B100(Gioda et al 2016) BD/Euro 1(Tzamkiozis et al 2010) 100 Soy(Finch et al 2002) Soy(Vogel et al 2019) Soy(Swanson et al 2009) Soy(Shvedova et al 2013) Animal(Vogel et al 2019) Hydro-treated(Vogel et al 2019) FAME(Yanamala et al 2013) RME(Jalava et al 2010(Jalava et al , 2012 RME(Cervena et al 2017;Libalova et al 2016; Novotna et al 2019) RME (Steiner et al 2013) HVO (Jalava et al 2010, 2012) NR (Kooter et al 2011) Fukagawa et al 2013) Soy (Vogel et al 2019) Soy (Bass et al 2015; Farraj et al 2015; Gavett et al 2015) Animal (Vogel et al 2019) Hydro-treated (Vogel et al 2019) NR (Bhavaraju et al 2014) Cooking oil (Traviss et al 2014) NR (Martin et al 2019) RME (Hemmingsen et al 2011) RME (Steiner et al 2013) AFME(Hemmingsen et al 2011) FAME(Kowalska et al 2017;Lankoff et al 2017;Magnusson et al 2017Magnusson et al , 2019Skuland et al 2017) FAME(Malorni et al 2017) FAME/HVO(Kowalska et al 2017; ;Lankoff et al 2017;Magnusson et al 2017Magnusson et al , 2019Skuland et al 2017) Australia Coconut(Vaughan et al 2019a;Vaughan et al 2019b) FAME(Mullins et al 2014) Australia Coconut(Vaughan et al 2019a) 7 RME(Andre et al 2015;Barraud et al 2017) FAME(Kowalska et al 2017; ;Lankoff et al 2017;Magnusson et al 2017Magnusson et al , 2019Skuland et al 2017) …”