Biodiesel production from nonedible feedstock, radish seed oil by cosolvent method at room temperature: evaluation and analysis of biodiesel

Fadhil, Abdelrahman B.; Nayyef, Akram W.; Al-Layla, Neam M.T.

doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1604902

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Following the Food and Agriculture Organization, 2013 statistics, the world production of apricot amounted 4,038,520 tons. [31][32][33] To the best of our knowledge, neither properties evaluation nor exploitation of a mixture of radish oil (RO)-apricot kernel oil (AKO) for the creation of BD has yet been announced in the literature. The annual production of apricot in Iraq reached about 26,276 tons, and the average production per tree was 28.60 kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, its agriculture needs lower agronomic requirements and lower cultivation cost per hectare. [31][32][33] To the best of our knowledge, neither properties evaluation nor exploitation of a mixture of radish oil (RO)-apricot kernel oil (AKO) for the creation of BD has yet been announced in the literature. Moreover, the investigation or the exploitation of the apricot shells for synthesis of AC, which was then employed for the refining the crude BD samples have not been yet declared in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

Fadhil

Nayyef

Sedeeq

2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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A blend of radish oil (RO) and apricot kernel oil (AKO) was transesterified with methanol, ethanol, and their equivalent mixture, to yield methylic biodiesel (MBD), ethylic biodiesel (EBD), and methylic/ethylic biodiesel (MEBD), respectively with the refining of the so-developed fuels through adsorption onto the activated carbon prepared by ZnCl 2 activation of apricot shells. The best conversion of RO-AKO blend to MBD (96.12 ± 1.25%) and MEBD (94.23 ± 2.22) was attained at KOH concentration, 0.75% w/w of oil, alcohol/oil molar ratio, 6/1, mixing intensity, 600 rpm, reaction temperature, 60°C, and 45-min reaction period, whereas the best conditions that produced the highest yield of EBD (95.19 ± 2.0 %) were KOH concentration, 1.0 KOH % w/w of oil, ethanol/oil molar ratio, 8/1, mixing intensity, 600 rpm, reaction temperature, 65°C, and 75-min reaction period. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed formation of the alkyl esters from the RO-AKO blend. The quality of MBD, EBD, and MEBD obtained from the RO-AKO blend was evaluated and found comparable with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751 standards. Additionally, blending of MEBD with petrodiesel was possible, and properties of the blends were in accordance with those established by ASTM D7467-17. The methanolysis of the RO-AKO mixture followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with activation energy of 27.27 kJ mol −1 . In conclusion, the RO-AKO mixture could be lowcost feedstock for biodiesel production. Moreover, apricot shells could be exploited as a priceless and suitable adsorbent for the adsorption of impurities found in the crude alkyl esters for its high surface area.KEYWORDS radish oil-apricot kernel oil blend, alcoholysis reaction, purification by activated carbon, fuel properties assessment, identification of biodiesel, kinetics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

Fadhil

Nayyef

Sedeeq

2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The BD yield diminished when the cosolvent amount exceeded the optimal ratio due to the dilution effect on the reactants and the catalyst concentration. Fadhil et al 21 reported similar outcomes upon the cosolvent methanolysis of radish seed oil to BD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The BD samples were then dried over Na 2 SO 4 . Lastly, the BD yield was appointed as follows 21 :

BD yield ((), % normalw / normalw) = \frac{((), Weight of the purified alkyl esters ((), g))}{(Weight of MTSO utilized (normalg))}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel production from milk thistle seed oil as nonedible oil by cosolvent esterification–transesterification process

Saeed

Khalaf

Fadhil

2021

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The crude oil extracted from milk thistle seeds was employed as a precursor for creating biodiesel (BD) via the cosolvent esterification–transesterification process. The high acid value of the extracted oil (11.90 mg KOH/g) encouraged its pre‐esterification in the occurrence of hexane as a cosolvent. The cosolvent esterification of oil diminished its acidity index to below 2.0 mg KOH/g using 1.5:1 hexane:methanol volume ratio, 50°C, 60‐min reaction time, 6:1 methanol:oil molar ratio, and 0.75 wt.% HCl. Alcoholysis reaction of the esterified oil with methanol and a blend of methanol:ethanol to synthesize, respectively, methylic BD and methylic/ethylic BD was accomplished in the presence of hexane as a cosolvent as well. Under the ideal reaction conditions, methylic BD yield and methylic/ethylic BD yield were 96.23% and 95.63%, respectively. The Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra affirmed the lipid transformation from milk thistle seeds into BD. The attained samples of BD exhibited properties conforming to those specified by ASTM D6751. Also, the cosolvent methanolysis kinetic obeyed the pseudo‐first‐order with 35.94 KJ/mol activation energy and 6.32‐s frequency factor.

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Hierarchical TS ‐1 for epoxidation of non‐edible Karanja ( Millettia pinnata ) oil methyl ester to methyl epoxioleate (biodiesel additive) in presence of H ₂ O ₂ as oxidizing agent

Anil

Niphadkar

Bokade

2021

Environ Prog Sustainable Energy

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Application of non‐edible Karanja (Millettia pinnata) oil which is abundantly available in India is not explored so far. The present study is an attempt to convert fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained from Karanja oil to methyl epoxioleate over hierarchical titanosilicate (TS‐1) catalyst. Methyl epoxioleate, a biodiesel additive can blend up to 20% with biodiesels to improve oxidative stability and cold flow properties of biodiesel. A series of hierarchical TS‐1 were prepared by desilication of parent TS‐1 with 0.1 N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 5, and 7 h, respectively. Samples were characterized by powder XRD, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and TEM. Eighty percent FAME conversion with 70% yield of methyl epoxioleate was obtained over 5H‐TS‐1 catalyst. The enhanced catalytic activity of a 5H‐TS‐1 compared to parent TS‐1 mainly attributed to the high mesoporosity coupled with well‐preserved crystallinity. 5H‐TS‐1 catalyst was found to be completely reusable after calcination at 500°C for 12 h. Hierarchical 5H‐TS‐1 catalyst for effective conversion of non‐edible Karanja oil methyl ester to methyl epoxioleate probably not reported so far.

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Biodiesel production from nonedible feedstock, radish seed oil by cosolvent method at room temperature: evaluation and analysis of biodiesel

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

Biodiesel production from milk thistle seed oil as nonedible oil by cosolvent esterification–transesterification process

Hierarchical TS ‐1 for epoxidation of non‐edible Karanja ( Millettia pinnata ) oil methyl ester to methyl epoxioleate (biodiesel additive) in presence of H ₂ O ₂ as oxidizing agent

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Biodiesel production from nonedible feedstock, radish seed oil by cosolvent method at room temperature: evaluation and analysis of biodiesel

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

Valorization of mixed radish seed oil and Prunus armeniaca L. oil as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production: Evaluation and analysis of biodiesels

Biodiesel production from milk thistle seed oil as nonedible oil by cosolvent esterification–transesterification process

Hierarchical TS ‐1 for epoxidation of non‐edible Karanja ( Millettia pinnata ) oil methyl ester to methyl epoxioleate (biodiesel additive) in presence of H 2 O 2 as oxidizing agent

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Hierarchical TS ‐1 for epoxidation of non‐edible Karanja ( Millettia pinnata ) oil methyl ester to methyl epoxioleate (biodiesel additive) in presence of H ₂ O ₂ as oxidizing agent