Biodiesel production intensification via microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of oil blend using nanoparticles from elephant-ear tree pod husk as a base heterogeneous catalyst

Falowo, Olayomi Abiodun; Oloko-Oba, Mustafa Idris; Betiku, Eriola

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2019.04.010

Cited by 112 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The material is porous and spongy in nature, with clusters of small particles scattered in the micrographs. It is worth mentioning that the sintering of metal oxide could be responsible for the agglomerated particles at the calcined temperature [30]. The particle structure of this nature usually exhibits a higher surface area, thereby suggesting a good catalytic activity of the developed catalyst.…”

Section: Sem Analysis Of Calcined Cpkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the work of Miraculas et al [28], a mixture of pongamia/jatropha/honne oils (in equal proportions) was used to produce biodiesel with a reported yield of~98 wt.%. When a mixture of soybean oil and rapeseed oil (50:50) was used as feedstock for biodiesel synthesis by Qiu et al [29], a yield of~94% was observed using KOH of 0.8 wt.%, temperature of 55 • C, MeOH:oil blend of 5:1 and time of 2 h. In our previous report on a mixture of rubber seed/neem oils (40:60), 98.77 wt.% biodiesel yield was achieved under transesterification aided with microwave irradiation [30]. Fadhil et al [31] obtained 95.2 ± 2.5 wt.% biodiesel yield when castor seed oil and waste fish oil were mixed together (50:50) using MeOH:blend oil of 8:1, KOH of 0.5 wt.%, time of 30 min, stirring rate of 600 rpm and temperature of 32 • C. In all of these reports biodiesel was synthesized through transesterification processes with either KOH or NaOH as the homogeneous catalyst, except in our work in which calcined ash of elephant ear pod husk was used as a base catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Fadhil et al [31] obtained 95.2 ± 2.5 wt.% biodiesel yield when castor seed oil and waste fish oil were mixed together (50:50) using MeOH:blend oil of 8:1, KOH of 0.5 wt.%, time of 30 min, stirring rate of 600 rpm and temperature of 32 • C. In all of these reports biodiesel was synthesized through transesterification processes with either KOH or NaOH as the homogeneous catalyst, except in our work in which calcined ash of elephant ear pod husk was used as a base catalyst. Besides the work of Milano et al [27] and Falowo et al [30], none of the other works applied microwave irradiation which accounts for the longer time needed to complete the transesterification reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

et al. 2020

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Application of solid catalysts synthesized from agricultural wastes provides an environmentally benign and low-cost process path to synthesize biodiesel. An ash containing an equal mixture of cocoa pod husk, plantain peel and kola nut pod husk ashes (CPK) was obtained by open combustion of each of the biomass in air and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h. The calcined CPK ash was characterized to determine its catalytic potential. Two-level transesterification technique was used to synthesize biodiesel using the developed catalyst. The process parameters involved were optimized for the microwave-aided transesterification of a blend of honne, rubber seed and neem oils in a volumetric ratio of 20:20:60, respectively. The study showed that the ash derived from combination of the biomass wastes provided a catalyst which consists all necessary catalytic ingredients in their relative abundance. The calcined CPK consists of 47.67% of potassium, 5.56% calcium and 4.21% magnesium attesting to its heterogenous status. The physisorption isotherms reveals that it was dominantly mesoporous in structure and made up of nanoparticles. A maximum of 98.45 wt.% biodiesel was obtained from a MeOH:oil blend of 12:1, CPK concentration of 1.158 wt.% and reaction time of 6 min under microwave irradiation. The quality of the synthesized biodiesel satisfied the requirements stipulated by standard specifications. Thus, this work demonstrates that a blend of agrowastes and mixtures of non-edible oils could be used to synthesize good quality and sustainable biodiesel that can replace fossil diesel.

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Section: Sem Analysis Of Calcined Cpkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

et al. 2020

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“…Most of these have examined di‐hybridization and poly‐hybridization. Recently, Falowo et al 49 . conducted an experimental study involving binary blending of neem oil and rubber seed oil in a ratio of 60:40 v/v for the production of biodiesel using a biocatalyst prepared from waste husks of elephant‐ear tree pod.…”

Section: Feedstock Hybridization In Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is abundantly available waste everywhere: domestically, in municipalities, in industry, and the natural environment, and many more sources are yet to be discovered. The most studied wastes include banana peels, 39 coco‐pod husk, 14, 17 plantain peels, 40, 41 oil palm trunk, coconut husk, 42 coconut shell, 43 sugarcane bagasse, wood ash, 44 Lemna perpusilla Torrey, 45 rubber seed shell, 46 palm kernel shell, 47 banana peduncle, 48 Enterolobium cyclocarpum pod husk, 49 kola nut pod husk, 50 and tucuma peels 51 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel has the potential to contribute significantly to the elimination of the present global energy and climate change logjam, but its production and commercialization have been hindered by the diverse nature of the feedstocks used for production. This paper reviews the effectiveness of applying various types of crop and animal waste-derived catalysts together with innovative feedstock hybridization as an economically viable technique for biodiesel production. Feedstock challenges, availability, and sustainability for large-scale applications are addressed with a view to bridging the existing gaps. Challenges in the use of edible oils and algae oil sources and development remain, but the technique of feedstock hybridization appears to be very promising, innovative, and cost-effective for biodiesel production. The present state of biodiesel production could be improved by the application of simple and cost-effective technologies in the feedstock system. High free fatty acid (FFA) content is the major hurdle to the use of most oils, especially low-grade/advanced oil feedstocks, in biodiesel production. This could be addressed through technological application of feedstock hybrids and biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts, and their biochemical modifications. Conventional technology for the large-scale application of inorganically derived catalysts in biodiesel production with various characteristic differences is presented. Heterogenous catalysts derived from biogenic wastes and their modification could be used to overcome associated problems with the use of inorganic catalysts in biodiesel production. Biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts are renewable, available, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. Technological applications of heterogeneous catalysts derived from biogenic waste are outlined and reviewed, considering various materials and different modification techniques to identify appropriate options for scaling up development. This review also discusses fundamental considerations for the Review

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Process optimization of microwave irradiation‐aided transesterification of kariya seed oil by Taguchi orthogonal array: pawpaw trunk as a novel biocatalyst

Fadara

Falowo

Ojumu

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study investigated the potential application of an active biocatalyst from pawpaw (Carica papaya) trunk for the direct microwave irradiation‐aided transesterification of kariya (Hildegardia barteri) seed oil (KSO) with methanol to obtain biodiesel. The transesterification process involved was modeled, and the effects of the essential process input variables on the kariya seed oil methyl ester (KSOME) yield were examined, followed by the optimization of the input variables to maximize the KSOME yield, using the Taguchi orthogonal array design method. The biocatalyst was produced with a calcination process in a muffle furnace at 200–1000 °C, and each sample obtained was characterized by a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) to determine the best temperature. The calcined pawpaw trunk ash (CPTA) produced at the best temperature of 400 °C was further characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and physisorption analyses. The CPTA at 400 °C produced a strong catalytic activity due to its morphology, metallic composition (K (23.85%), and Ca (15.40%)), crystalline structure, the average pore size of 32.2 nm, and a surface area of 0.64 m2 g−1. The best operating conditions established for the transesterification process were a methanol / KSO molar ratio of 10.5:1, CPTA loading of 0.5 wt%, microwave heating power of 300 W, and reaction time of 2 min, with a maximum KSOME yield of 98.50 ± 0.60 wt%. The quality of the KSOME produced satisfied the American standard specifications for biodiesel. Both KSO and pawpaw trunk could serve as inexpensive feedstock for sustainable and renewable production of biodiesel. The intensification of the transesterification process using microwave irradiation drastically shortened the reaction time needed for maximum biodiesel yield. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Biodiesel production intensification via microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of oil blend using nanoparticles from elephant-ear tree pod husk as a base heterogeneous catalyst

Cited by 112 publications

References 51 publications

Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

Sustainable Biodiesel Synthesis from Honne-Rubber-Neem Oil Blend with a Novel Mesoporous Base Catalyst Synthesized from a Mixture of Three Agrowastes

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Process optimization of microwave irradiation‐aided transesterification of kariya seed oil by Taguchi orthogonal array: pawpaw trunk as a novel biocatalyst

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