Biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil by using CaO–CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t sOptimum biodiesel yield of 95% was achieved by 50Ca-Ce mixed oxide catalyst. Biodiesel yield increased with increasing basicity and BET surface area. The catalyst can be reused 6 times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Stability of 50Ca-Ce was enhanced by synergic effect between CaO and CeO 2 . Deactivation of catalyst was mainly due to leaching of CaO and pores filling. a b s t r a c tSolid base CaO-CeO 2 mixed oxide catalysts have been synthesized via wet impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of CO 2 (TPD-CO 2 ) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activity was determined by transesterification of palm oil. Optimum biodiesel yield, 95%, was achieved by 50Ca-Ce catalyst under the reaction conditions of 5 wt.% of catalyst, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, reaction temperature of 65°C and reaction time of 4 h. The high catalytic activity (95%) of 50Ca-Ce catalyst may be due to strong basicity and high BET surface area, which indicate more number of active sites on the catalyst surface for transesterification process. Besides, 50Ca-Ce catalyst showed better reusability than the bulk CaO where it can be reused up to 6 times without a significant loss of catalytic activity (>80%). The lixiviation of CaO active phase was greatly reduced with the presence of strong synergic interaction between CaO and CeO 2 . Deactivation of the catalyst was mainly due to the leaching of CaO active phase into the methanolic solution and pore-filling by fatty acid or glycerol.

Advances in biofuel production from oil palm and palm oil processing wastes: A review

“…In their study, not only the trasesterification yield of palm oil was improved, the reusability was also enhanced as compared with the traditional CaO catalyst. In another study by Wong et al (2015), a biodiesel yield of 95% was achieved by using a combination of Calcium and Cerium oxides. Moreover, the synthesized catalyst could be reused 6 times without significant losses in the yield.…”

Synthesis and characterization of solid heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from high FFA waste cooking oil

“…High catalytic performance of the catalyst is attributed to its basicity, and surface area (Wong et al 2015). The catalytic activity of 7W-Zr/CaO can be related to its moderate basicity.…”

“…The crystallite size of the catalyst powder was computed using Debye-Scherrer's equation (Wong et al 2015).…”

Produção de biodiesel de óleo de palma usando reator contínuo

“…Os resultados obtidos estão ilustrados na Figura 3 e comparados com as condições e resultados dos estudos de transesterificação do óleo de palma de Asri et al (2013), Wong et al (2015), e Roschat et al (2015) apresentados na Tabela 2. Como mostra a Tabela 2, ainda houve uma conversão abaixo da literatura, pois sua maior conversão ocorreu aos 10 minutos com valor de 53,47 %.…”

“…A coleta de amostra que seria realizada aos 45 minutos não pode ser efetuada pela falta de fluxo saindo do reator, portanto só foi possível a coletada após transcorridos 50 min de reação. Os resultados dessa condição experimental estão ilustrados na Figura 4 e comparados com os dados dos estudos de Asri et al (2013), Wong et al (2015), e Roschat et al (2015), apresentados na Tabela 3, onde as condições denominadas 2.1 e 2.2 foram ambas realizadas com as mesmas condições experimentais, porém em duplicata de reação. Nota-se que neste segundo teste experimental os resultados obtidos foram inferiores aos resultados apresentados anteriormente, a maior conversão nessas duas condições 2.1 e 2.2, foi obtida na primeira duplicata, a condição 2.1, já no tempo zero, ou seja, a amostra coletada assim que deixou o reator, com 29,34 % de conversão em ésteres metílicos.…”