Biodiesels from microbial oils: Opportunity and challenges

Ma, Yingqun; Gao, Zhen; Wang, Qunhui; Liu, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.028

Cited by 140 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…However, there are some technical barriers to large‐scale commercialization. These include high initial costs and technical challenges involved in cultivation and development to meet industry demands 24 . These are constantly being mitigated as technology is developing.…”

Section: Oil Feedstock Issues and Sustainability For Biodiesel Producmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algae are also currently at developmental stage as potential feedstock source due to their fast growth and high lipid yield. They are reported to be richer in oil than both the edible and non‐edible crops 24 . However, the major concern is the high cost of development to meet the large‐scale production demands, which are currently being researched.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biodiesel has the potential to contribute significantly to the elimination of the present global energy and climate change logjam, but its production and commercialization have been hindered by the diverse nature of the feedstocks used for production. This paper reviews the effectiveness of applying various types of crop and animal waste-derived catalysts together with innovative feedstock hybridization as an economically viable technique for biodiesel production. Feedstock challenges, availability, and sustainability for large-scale applications are addressed with a view to bridging the existing gaps. Challenges in the use of edible oils and algae oil sources and development remain, but the technique of feedstock hybridization appears to be very promising, innovative, and cost-effective for biodiesel production. The present state of biodiesel production could be improved by the application of simple and cost-effective technologies in the feedstock system. High free fatty acid (FFA) content is the major hurdle to the use of most oils, especially low-grade/advanced oil feedstocks, in biodiesel production. This could be addressed through technological application of feedstock hybrids and biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts, and their biochemical modifications. Conventional technology for the large-scale application of inorganically derived catalysts in biodiesel production with various characteristic differences is presented. Heterogenous catalysts derived from biogenic wastes and their modification could be used to overcome associated problems with the use of inorganic catalysts in biodiesel production. Biogenic waste-derived heterogenous catalysts are renewable, available, eco-friendly, and cost-effective. Technological applications of heterogeneous catalysts derived from biogenic waste are outlined and reviewed, considering various materials and different modification techniques to identify appropriate options for scaling up development. This review also discusses fundamental considerations for the Review

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Section: Oil Feedstock Issues and Sustainability For Biodiesel Producmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…rapeseed, soybean, cottonseed, palm, corn, sunflower, coconut, peanut, camelina, carinata and jatropha oils), animal fats, micro-algal oils and used cooking oils [3]. Transesterification is the chemical process of the biomass lipids usually with methanol, in which triglycerides are transformed into Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME or biodiesel) and glycerol in presence of a homogeneous alkaline catalyst such as KOH or NaOH, at a temperature of about 60 • C and atmospheric pressure [4]. Although the biodiesel industry has experienced enormous growth between 2005 and 2015, with production rising from 10% of total biofuel output in 2005 to almost 25% in 2015, it relies heavily of favorable policy instruments (i.e., economic subsidies) as its production costs are still very high [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nSH = normal Saturated Hydrocarbons, iSH=isomer (branched) Saturated Hydrocarbons; 2 FCC hydrocracking microactivity test unit; 3 25% hemp seed oil dissolved on dodecane;4 WCO =Waste Cooking Oil; 5 LTG = Liquid Trap Grease; 6 STG = Solid Trap Grease;7 75 wt% Yellow Grease in dodecane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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The present investigation provides an overview of the current technology related to the green diesel, from the classification and chemistry of the available biomass feedstocks to the possible production technologies and up to the final fuel properties and their effect in modern compression ignition internal combustion engines. Various biomass feedstocks are reviewed paying attention to their specific impact on the production of green diesel. Then, the most prominent production technologies are presented such as the hydro-processing of triglycerides, the upgrading of sugars and starches into C15–C18 saturated hydrocarbons, the upgrading of bio-oil derived by the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the “Biomass-to-Liquid” (BTL) technology which combines the production of syngas (H2 and CO) from the gasification of biomass with the production of synthetic green diesel through the Fischer-Tropsch process. For each of these technologies the involved chemistry is discussed and the necessary operation conditions for the maximum production yield and the best possible fuel properties are reviewed. Also, the relevant research for appropriate catalysts and catalyst supports is briefly presented. The fuel properties of green diesel are then discussed in comparison to the European and US Standards, to petroleum diesel and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and, finally their effect on the compression ignition engines are analyzed. The analysis concludes that green diesel is an excellent fuel for combustion engines with remarkable properties and significantly lower emissions.

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“…Besides improving the sustainability of the current production chain, a switch towards alternative glycerol feedstocks, such as microbial oils, has been considered and should be further investigated. Currently, however, these still face many limitations and challenges for large‐scale production …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental sustainability assessment of renewables‐based propylene glycol at full industrial scale production

Nachtergaele

Meester

Dewulf

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Glycerol, a by‐product from oleochemical or biodiesel production, can be used to produce renewables‐based propylene glycol (PG). The environmental sustainability of PG was evaluated using life‐cycle assessment. The effect of shifting from petrochemical to renewables‐based PG was assessed by using data from an industrial scale renewables‐based PG production plant. A contribution analysis was performed to identify the hotspots in the production process. The effects of implementing a sustainable sourcing strategy and producing steam/electricity by combined heat and power (CHP) were assessed. RESULTS A switch from petrochemical to renewables‐based PG results in a reduction of the climate change impact between 40% and 60% kg CO2 eq. A shift of burden is found to agriculture‐related indicators. For the biodiesel and oleochemical production route, respectively, 73% and 59% of the impact on climate change is related to feedstock production. By implementing two improvements, the emitted CO2 eq. for biodiesel PG could be reduced by 38%. CONCLUSIONS Switching from petrochemical to renewables‐based PG has a clear environmental benefit for slowing climate change. However, the shift of burden towards agriculture‐related indicators shows the need to ensure sustainable agricultural practices. Combining both on‐site improvements and a more sustainable supply chain effectively decreases the environmental impact. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Biodiesels from microbial oils: Opportunity and challenges

Cited by 140 publications

References 146 publications

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Effectiveness of biogenic waste‐derived heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock hybridization techniques in biodiesel production

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Environmental sustainability assessment of renewables‐based propylene glycol at full industrial scale production

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