Biodistribution of a methylene blue derivative in tumor and normal tissues of rats

Peng, Qian; Brown, Stanley B.; Moan, Johan Emelian; Nesland, Jahn M.; Wainwright, Mark; Griffths, John; Dixon, B.; Cruse-Sawyer, Janet E.; Vernon, David I.

doi:10.1016/1011-1344(93)80132-s

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, even when it was administered systemically in ferrets, the surface of the gastric epithelium was found to be the brightest under fluorescence (25). Peng et al (34) reported that a strong fluorescence of a methylene blue derivative occurred in the keratinized epithelium of the epidermis but that almost no Following oral administration of aminolevulinic acid in patients, maximum fluorescence was found in the oral epithelium. The photodynamic effect, following subsequent illumination, was also limited to the epithelium (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

Kömerik

Nakanishi

MacRobert

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

298

228

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major causative organisms of periodontitis and has been shown to be susceptible to toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vitro. The aims of the present study were to determine whether this technique could be used to kill the organism in the oral cavities of rats and whether this would result in a reduction in the alveolar bone loss characteristic of periodontitis. The maxillary molars of rats were inoculated with P. gingivalis and exposed to up to 48 J of 630-nm laser light in the presence of toluidine blue. The number of surviving bacteria was then determined, and the periodontal structures were examined for evidence of any damage. When toluidine blue was used together with laser light there was a significant reduction in the number of viable P. gingivalis organisms. No viable bacteria could be detected when 1 mg of toluidine blue per ml was used in conjunction with all light doses used. On histological examination, no adverse effect of photosensitization on the adjacent tissues was observed. In a further group of animals, after time was allowed for the disease to develop in controls, the rats were killed and the level of maxillary molar alveolar bone was assessed. The bone loss in the animals treated with light and toluidine blue was found to be significantly less than that in the control groups. The results of this study show that toluidine blue-mediated lethal photosensitization of P. gingivalis is possible in vivo and that this results in decreased bone loss. These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy may be useful as an alternative approach for the antimicrobial treatment of periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

Kömerik

Nakanishi

MacRobert

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

298

228

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“…Among the studied dyes, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) and DO15 have superior photodynamic activity in many different biological systems (tumor cells, bacteria, virus and fungi) when compared to commercially available PS such as MB and toluidine blue O (TBO). Moreover, these more hydrophobic compounds usually exhibit larger light/dark cytotoxicity ratio (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Damage Efficiency of Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers

Bacellar¹,

Pavani²,

Sales

et al. 2014

Photochem & Photobiology

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Structure-activity relationships have been widely reported for porphyrin and phthalocyanine photosensitizers, but not for phenothiazinium derivatives. Here, four phenothiazinium salts (methylene blue, toluidine blue O, 1,9-dimethyl methylene blue and the pentacyclic derivative DO15) were used to investigate how the ability to damage membranes is affected by membrane/solution partition, photophysical properties and tendency to aggregation of the photosensitizer. These two latter aspects were studied both in isotropic solutions and in membranes. Membrane damage was assessed by leakage of a fluorescent probe entrapped in liposomes and by generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS), while structural changes at the lipid bilayer were detected by small-angle X-ray scattering. We observed that all compounds had similar singlet-oxygen quantum yields in ethanol, but only the photosensitizers that had higher membrane/solution partition (1,9-dimethyl methylene blue and DO15, the latter having the higher value) could permeabilize the lipid bilayer. Moreover, of these two photosensitizers, only DO15 altered membrane structure, a result that was attributed to its destabilization of higher order aggregates, generation of higher amounts of singlet oxygen within the membranes and effective electron-transfer reaction within its dimers. We concluded that membrane-based protocols can provide a better insight on the photodynamic efficiency of the photosensitizer.

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“…Depending on the mode of administration, substantially higher concentrations of MB are reached in various organs than in blood [35] . Peng et al [36] expressed that MB derivative fl uorescence was still found in the lung tissue of rats after 24 and 48 h of MB derivative administration (10 mg/kg i.v.). Although the level of MB in the lung tissue was not measured in our study, we hypothesized that MB could accumulate in the lung tissue and thus its benefi cial effects may continue for a long time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Methylene Blue on Lung Injury in Septic Rats

Demirbilek

Sizanli²,

Karadağ³

et al. 2006

Eur Surg Res

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Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on NO production, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in lung injury during different stages of sepsis in rats. Material and Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20): group C, sham operated; group CMB, sham operated and receiving MB (25 mg/kg, i.p.); group S, sepsis; group SMB, sepsis and receiving MB (25 mg/kg, i.p.). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The MB dose was administered after CLP. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 10) which were sacrificed at 9 or 18 h after the surgical procedure. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and MPO activity, total nitrite/nitrate and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lung tissue were measured. Lung injury was graded from 1 (injury to 25% of the field) to 4 (diffuse injury) by the pathologist. Results: In group SMB, while SOD and CAT increased in both early and late sepsis periods, GSH-PX increased significantly only in the early sepsis period when compared with group S. Increase in lung MPO activity after CLP-induced sepsis was prevented by MB administration. MB significantly decreased to nitrite/nitrate and MDA levels both in early and late sepsis periods when compared with group S (p < 0.05). Group S showed a marked increase in neutrophil infiltration into the interstitial space and thickening of the alveolar septa, whereas the alveolar damage score was lower in the SMB group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MB reduced the MPO activity and lipid peroxidation by both decreasing oxidative stress and NO overproduction in the lungs, which resulted in the attenuation of lung injury after CLP-induced sepsis in rats.

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Biodistribution of a methylene blue derivative in tumor and normal tissues of rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

Membrane Damage Efficiency of Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers

The Effects of Methylene Blue on Lung Injury in Septic Rats

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