Biodiversity, genetic resources and intellectual property

Lawson, Charles; Adhikari, Kamalesh

doi:10.4324/9781315098517-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In evaluations, commissioning agencies often legally own the intellectual property of the evaluation, despite the evaluator often having a larger stake in knowledge production. In indigenous knowledge systems, indigenous knowledge holders often should hold the intellectual property rights to their knowledge, but the legal systems that would enable that are exclusionary in a variety of ways, limiting the ways in which these rights can be claimed (Lawson & Adhikari 2018). Similarly, Casimirri (2003) points to the problem that 'the way knowledge is transferred may vary culturally and much TEK [traditional ecological knowledge] research requires that knowledge holders breach cultural codes about how and to whom new knowledge is given'.…”

Section: Synergy Alignment and Contestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of intersections between indigenous knowledge systems and complexity-responsive evaluation research

Mapitsa

2022

Afr. eval. j.

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Background: Acknowledging the need to transform the evaluation sector in Africa, locally generated approaches have been a recent area of contestation for both researchers and practitioners. Whilst the need for an African evaluation approach has been well established in the literature, there are still significant gaps in a proactive response. One of these gaps is the role of indigenous knowledge systems in these evaluation approaches. Indigenous knowledge systems have been a priority research area for decades, often in fields of science and technology, education and in research methods. Despite these strong overlaps with areas of interest to evaluators, there has been relatively little intersection between research on evaluation systems and that on indigenous knowledge systems.Objectives: This article brings together these two areas of research to see what lessons for African-rooted evaluation approaches emerge from the body of research on indigenous knowledge systems.Method: To do this, a scoping review was conducted, applying a thematic analysis to literature identified for inclusion in the study.Results: This study found that there is considerable scope for the evaluation sector to draw on indigenous knowledge systems research, particularly drawing on process and methodological lessons from designing studies, as well as defining power dynamics and critical systems approaches.Conclusion: This analysis can contribute to a needed debate about how to define and promote localised, contextually relevant evaluation tools and methods. It can also contribute to building a research agenda around African evaluation approaches.

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Section: Synergy Alignment and Contestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of intersections between indigenous knowledge systems and complexity-responsive evaluation research

Mapitsa

2022

Afr. eval. j.

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“…[4]This resulted in the international recognition uponGRTKTCE within the spectrum of intellectual property rights and law which was established through the promulgation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992. This convention formally recognized and obliged the state parties to control the use of their biodiversity (genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and traditional cultural expressions) by protecting, preserving, and beneficially sharing its profits [5].…”

Section: Grtktce and Intellectual Property Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safeguarding Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Traditional Cultural Expressions within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Kariodimedjo¹

2019

Proceedings of the the First International Conference on Islamic Development Studies 2019, ICIDS 2019, 10 September 2019, Banda

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This article examines efforts to safeguarding genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and regular cultural expressions (GRTKTCE) within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It considers ASEAN's legal frameworks and its intellectual property rights action plan on the issue. Also, it discusses challenges in protecting GRTKTCE at the ASEAN level. Mainly, it discusses Indonesia's position, legislation, and policies on the issue. GRTKTCE is one of the characteristics and elements of ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025. It seems that ASEAN is fully committed to working together on this issue. In the broader multilateral level, that is the World Trade Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization forum, the issue of GRTKTCE has been negotiated for quite a long time. However, the issues still face challenges over its basic concept, including a concept of commercialization and how it could work in practice. This article constitutes initial research findings of the writer's Ph.D. thesis. It covers the legal frameworks, impetus, administration, and implementation of intellectual property rights and GRTKTCE within ASEAN and Indonesia.

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“…Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become increasingly significant in the global agricultural economy [7]. As the agricultural sector faces numerous challenges, including the need for innovation, technology transfer, and the conservation of genetic resources, the role of IPRs has come under scrutiny [8]. This comprehensive review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of IPRs on the global agricultural economy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Intellectual Property Rights on the Global Agricultural Economy

Meghwal,

Dhurve,

Raj

et al. 2023

AJAEES

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The agricultural sector is no stranger to the importance of intellectual property, as it serves as a catalyst for innovation, facilitates the transfer of technology, and safeguards the rights of creators and inventors. By examining the effects of IPRs on various dimensions, this paper seeks to shed light on the far-reaching implications for the agricultural industry worldwide. First and foremost, the review explores the intricate relationship between IPRs and agricultural research and development. IPRs are known to provide essential incentives for scientists and researchers to engage in ground-breaking agri-scientific endeavors, leading to advancements in productivity, sustainability, and food security. By offering legal protection and rewards for their innovations, IPRs encourage investment in agricultural R&D, driving progress in crop improvement, genetics, and biotechnology. Furthermore, the review delves into the impact of IPRs on farmers' access to seeds and genetic resources. While strong intellectual property regimes ensure fair compensation for breeders and innovators, concerns arise regarding the potentially limited access to seeds, especially for small-scale farmers in developing countries. Balancing the rights of breeders and the needs of farmers becomes a crucial aspect of agricultural policy formulation, aiming for a sustainable and inclusive agricultural system. Additionally, the review scrutinizes how IPRs affect the overall competitiveness of the agricultural market. IPRs enable agricultural enterprises to gain a competitive advantage through exclusive rights over their unique plant varieties, processes, or technologies. However, the high costs associated with intellectual property protection may pose barriers for smaller farmers and agricultural communities, exacerbating inequalities within the sector. While intellectual property rights undoubtedly play a vital role in fostering agricultural innovation and protection, the review also sheds light on the challenges and controversies associated with IPRs. The potential negative impacts on small-scale farmers, the concerns surrounding access to genetic resources, and the implications for biodiversity conservation all warrant careful consideration in the formulation of IPR policies. Through a comprehensive analysis of scholarly articles, reports, and case studies, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers concerned with the multifaceted impacts of intellectual property rights on the global agricultural economy. By understanding these complexities, it becomes possible to strike a balance that maximizes the benefits of IPRs while ensuring equitable and sustainable agricultural development.

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Biodiversity, genetic resources and intellectual property

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A scoping review of intersections between indigenous knowledge systems and complexity-responsive evaluation research

A scoping review of intersections between indigenous knowledge systems and complexity-responsive evaluation research

Safeguarding Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Traditional Cultural Expressions within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Intellectual Property Rights on the Global Agricultural Economy

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