Biodiversity Meets the Atmosphere: A Global View of Forest Canopies

Ozanne, Claire; Anhuf, Dieter; Boulter, Sarah; Keller, Michael; Kitching, R. L.; Körner, Christian; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Mitchell, Andrew W.; Nakashizuka, T.; Dias, Pedro; Stork, Nigel E.; Wright, S. Joseph; Yoshimura, Masashi

doi:10.1126/science.1084507

Cited by 320 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, the species composition data (Bray-Curtis measure of similarity) do not support this interpretation as the degree of variation within canopy and ground groups was very similar. The tropical forest canopy is poorly known and yet is of significance to so many fields of environmental concern (Ozanne et al 2003). Our results show that the canopy does have a large number of species, although probably not exclusively two-thirds of all insect species as had been suggested (Erwin 1982), and is therefore home to an important component of forest biodiversity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Beetle assemblages from an Australian tropical rainforest show that the canopy and the ground strata contribute equally to biodiversity

2006

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There remains great uncertainty about how much tropical forest canopies contribute to global species richness estimates and the relative specialization of insect species to vertical zones. To investigate these issues, we conducted a four-year sampling program in lowland tropical rainforest in North Queensland, Australia. Beetles were sampled using a trap that combines Malaise and flight interception trap (FIT) functions. Pairs of this trap, one on the ground and a second suspended 15-20 m above in the canopy were located at five sites, spaced 50 m or more apart. These traps produced 29 986 beetles of 1473 species and 77 families. There were similar numbers of individuals (canopy 14 473; ground 15 513) and species (canopy 1158; ground 895) in each stratum, but significantly more rare species in the canopy (canopy 509; ground 283). Seventy two percent of the species (excluding rare species) were found in both strata. Using IndVal, we found 24 and 27% of the abundant species (nR20 individuals) to be specialized to the canopy and the ground strata, respectively, and equivalent analyses at the family level showed figures of 30 and 22%, respectively. These results show that the canopy and the ground strata both provide important contributions to rainforest biodiversity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Beetle assemblages from an Australian tropical rainforest show that the canopy and the ground strata contribute equally to biodiversity

2006

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“…They are important for recreation and human well being, and provide numerous ecosystem services, and are vital for the maintenance of the majority of biological diversity on Earth (Lacaze, 2000;Dirzo and Raven, 2003;Ozanne et al, 2003;Lewis, 2006). These roles need to be considered when we try to manage forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown of the species-area relationship in exotic but not in native forest patches

2008

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Forest specialist species Forestry practice Hungary Generalist speciesHabitat structure a b s t r a c tWe studied the pattern of bird species richness in native and exotic forest patches in Hungary. We hypothetized that species-area relationship will depend on forest naturalness, and on the habitat specialization of bird species. Therefore, we expected strong species-area relationship in native forest patches and forest bird species, and weaker relationship in exotic forest patches containing generalist species. We censused breeding passerine bird communities three times in 13 forest patches with only native tree species, and 14 with only exotic trees in Eastern Hungary in 2003. Although most bird species (92%) of the total of 41 species occurred in both exotic and native forests, the species-area relationship was significant for forest specialist, but not for generalist species in the native forests. No relationship between bird species and area was found for either species group in the forest with exotic tree species. The comparison of native versus exotic forest patches of similar sizes revealed that only large (>100 ha) native forests harbor higher bird species richness than exotic forests for the forest specialist bird species. There is no difference between small and medium forest patches and in richness of generalist species. Thus, the species-area relationship may diminish in archipelago of exotic habitat patches and/or for habitat generalist species; this result supports the warning that the extension of exotic habitats have been significantly contributing to the decline of natural community patterns.

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“…Up to 90% of the carbon exchange between the terrestrial bio-geosphere and the atmosphere is mediated by plants (Ozanne et al, 2003). Carbon fixation by vegetation, the photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide to biomass, provides the basis for crop and forest yields.…”

Section: Carbon Flux Related Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of ecosystem services: An opportunity for spatially explicit assessment

Feng

Yang

et al. 2010

Chin. Geogr. Sci.

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Ecosystem service is an emerging concept that grows to be a hot research area in ecology. Spatially explicit ecosystem service values are important for ecosystem service management. However, it is difficult to quantify ecosystem services. Remote sensing provides images covering Earth surface, which by nature are spatially explicit. Thus, remote sensing can be useful for quantitative assessment of ecosystem services. This paper reviews spatially explicit ecosystem service studies conducted in ecology and remote sensing in order to find out how remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment. Several important areas considered include land cover, biodiversity, and carbon, water and soil related ecosystem services. We found that remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment in three different ways: direct monitoring, indirect monitoring, and combined use with ecosystem models. Some plant and water related ecosystem services can be directly monitored by remote sensing. Most commonly, remote sensing can provide surrogate information on plant and soil characteristics in an ecosystem. For ecosystem process related ecosystem services, remote sensing can help measure spatially explicit parameters. We conclude that acquiring good in-situ measurements and selecting appropriate remote sensor data in terms of resolution are critical for accurate assessment of ecosystem services.

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Biodiversity Meets the Atmosphere: A Global View of Forest Canopies

Cited by 320 publications

References 54 publications

Beetle assemblages from an Australian tropical rainforest show that the canopy and the ground strata contribute equally to biodiversity

Beetle assemblages from an Australian tropical rainforest show that the canopy and the ground strata contribute equally to biodiversity

Breakdown of the species-area relationship in exotic but not in native forest patches

Remote sensing of ecosystem services: An opportunity for spatially explicit assessment

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