Biodiversity of Termites and Fungi in Two Botanical Gardens in Batam, Riau Island Province and Kuningan, West Java Province

Kartika, Titik; Himmi, S. Khoirul; Wikantyoso, Bramantyo; Lestari, Anis Sri; Ismayati, Maya; Zulfiana, Deni; Krishanti, N P R A; Zulfitri, Apriwi; Prianto, Arief Heru; Yusuf, Sulaeman

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012008

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The sampling was conducted in February 2019 using a belt-transect (100 m × 2 m) for each plantation that was placed near the central area to avoid anthropogenic disturbances [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Jones and Eggleton [ 26 ] argued that one supervised transect in a surveyed area was sufficient to provide the required level of sampling efficiency for investigating termite assemblage structures [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termite Assemblage and Damage on Tree Trunks in Fast-Growing Teak Plantations of Different Age: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia

Fajar

Himmi

Latif

et al. 2021

Insects

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We conducted surveys of termite assemblages and tree trunks damaged by termites in teakwood (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations. The surveys were conducted in five-, six-, and nine-year-old plantations. We used a standardized belt-transect to collect termites and build tree inventories. Data of collected termites at the genus and functional-group levels and termites’ diversity between plantations were compared with their attack rate. The results showed that four genera of soil recycler termites belonging to groups IIf and III were present across the plantations. Distribution analysis suggested that termite communities might develop from a stochastic distribution to a nonrandom co-occurrence distribution over time. Diversity analysis showed an increased nestedness-resultant diversity contribution to the total dissimilarity over time. Observed attacks on tree trunks were superficial and limited to the outer bark, with group IIf as the main contributor. Furthermore, the level of damage done by termites to tree trunks was positively correlated with increases in the group IIf occupancy area and overgrown understory vegetation. Plantation management by maintaining an adequate understory might suppress termite attacks on fast-growing teakwood, although in the case of our study, termite attacks are inevitable when termites from group IIf were already present.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termite Assemblage and Damage on Tree Trunks in Fast-Growing Teak Plantations of Different Age: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia

Fajar

Himmi

Latif

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…Our results agree with the published termite literature regarding the bacterial taxonomic composition of nests. Actinomycetales were reported as dominant in termite nests (Krishanti et al, 2018). These are Gram-positive bacteria capable of forming branching hyphae, related to nutrient recycling roles (Goodfellow and Williams, 2003), and have been used for the production of secondary metabolites, accounting for a very large fraction of all bioactive secondary metabolites in use in industry (Olano et al, 2008).…”

Section: Nest Metabolomic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tropical cookbook: Termite diet and phylogenetics—Over geographical origin—Drive the microbiome and functional genetic structure of nests

Plaza

Hradecký

2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Termites are key decomposers of dead plant material involved in the organic matter recycling process in warm terrestrial ecosystems. Due to their prominent role as urban pests of timber, research efforts have been directed toward biocontrol strategies aimed to use pathogens in their nest. However, one of the most fascinating aspects of termites is their defense strategies that prevent the growth of detrimental microbiological strains in their nests. One of the controlling factors is the nest allied microbiome. Understanding how allied microbial strains protect termites from pathogen load could provide us with an enhanced repertoire for fighting antimicrobial-resistant strains or mining for genes for bioremediation purposes. However, a necessary first step is to characterize these microbial communities. To gain a deeper understanding of the termite nest microbiome, we used a multi-omics approach for dissecting the nest microbiome in a wide range of termite species. These cover several feeding habits and three geographical locations on two tropical sides of the Atlantic Ocean known to host hyper-diverse communities. Our experimental approach included untargeted volatile metabolomics, targeted evaluation of volatile naphthalene, a taxonomical profile for bacteria and fungi through amplicon sequencing, and further diving into the genetic repertoire through a metagenomic sequencing approach. Naphthalene was present in species belonging to the genera Nasutitermes and Cubitermes. We investigated the apparent differences in terms of bacterial community structure and discovered that feeding habits and phylogenetic relatedness had a greater influence than geographical location. The phylogenetic relatedness among nests' hosts influences primarily bacterial communities, while diet influences fungi. Finally, our metagenomic analysis revealed that the gene content provided both soil-feeding genera with similar functional profiles, while the wood-feeding genus showed a different one. Our results indicate that the nest functional profile is largely influenced by diet and phylogenetic relatedness, irrespective of geographical location.

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“…Unfortunately, one of the most common, yet least studied, groups of organisms, fungi, have gained little attention in botanical gardens. Although studies focusing on fungi in botanical gardens are minimal, in recent years, researchers worldwide have realized the potential of gardens to allow an understanding of plant-fungal interactions (Heiskanen and Valkonen, 2021;Kartika et al, 2018;Kruse et al, 2020;Rizki and Ilmi, 2021;Wanasinghe et al, 2020;Watling, 2019;Xiang et al, 2016). Botanical gardens provide a living laboratory of diverse plants in which to study plant pathogenic fungi.…”

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More Than Just Plants: Botanical Gardens Are an Untapped Source of Fungal Diversity

Bradshaw

Quijada

Tobin

et al. 2022

horts

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Botanical gardens have extensive spatial databases of their plant specimens; however, the fungi occurring in them are generally unstudied. Botanical gardens, with their great plant diversity, undoubtedly harbor a wide range of symbiotic fungi, including those that are plant-pathogenic. One such group of fungi is powdery mildews (Erysiphaceae). The powdery mildews are among the most prevalent and economically important plant pathogens in the world, with an estimated 906 species in 19 genera. They are known to infect more than 10,000 species of flowering plants and although some species occur across a range of hosts, many are associated with specific plants. Powdery mildews have undergone a long and dynamic coevolution with their host plants, resulting in co-speciation. Botanical gardens provide a living laboratory in which to study these fungi, leading to a wealth of undiscovered fungal diversity. Furthermore, monitoring pathogens in botanical gardens has led to important ecological findings related to the plant sciences and plant protection. Between 2018 and 2022, a collaborative citizen science project was established with 10 botanical gardens in the United States and Mexico. A total of more than 300 powdery mildew specimens were collected on 220 different host taxa. We sequenced the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA loci and phylogenetically and morphologically analyzed these collections revealing 130 species, of which 31 are likely unknown to science. This research highlights the importance of botanical gardens as a reservoir of fungal diversity. Future research will further elucidate the coevolutionary relationship between powdery mildews and their hosts and extend the current study to evaluate other plant pathogens and fungi in botanical gardens.

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Biodiversity of Termites and Fungi in Two Botanical Gardens in Batam, Riau Island Province and Kuningan, West Java Province

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Termite Assemblage and Damage on Tree Trunks in Fast-Growing Teak Plantations of Different Age: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia

Termite Assemblage and Damage on Tree Trunks in Fast-Growing Teak Plantations of Different Age: A Case Study in West Java, Indonesia

The tropical cookbook: Termite diet and phylogenetics—Over geographical origin—Drive the microbiome and functional genetic structure of nests

More Than Just Plants: Botanical Gardens Are an Untapped Source of Fungal Diversity

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