Biodiversity Trends along the Western European Margin

Narayanaswamy, Bhavani; Renaud, Paul E.; Duineveld, G.C.A.; Berge, Jørgen; Lavaleye, M.S.S.; Reiss, Henning; Brattegard, Torleiv

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014295

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…primary production) parameters thus inXuencing reproduction, recruitment and persistence in the system (Renaud et al 2009). Since the 1990s a species increase of about 9% was recorded for Svalbard waters, which may partly be due to more intensive sampling eVort, however, results are consistent with predicted impacts of climate warming (Narayanaswamy et al 2010). Climate change is expected to have strong eVects in the Arctic (ACIA 2005) and is most likely to result in a regime shift towards a more boreal European Arctic.…”

Section: Zoogeographysupporting

confidence: 66%

The significance of depth and substratum incline for the structure of a hard bottom sublittoral community in glacial Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Arctic)—an underwater imagery approach

Laudien

Orchard

2012

Polar Biol

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In order to reveal the structure of the sparsely known deeper sublittoral hard bottom communities of glacial Kongsfjorden, the macroepibenthos from six depth zones (30-200 m) was analysed. A total of 180 still images derived from 6-h video recorded at the Kongsfjordneset remotely operated vehicle station were assessed quantitatively. Overall 27 mainly suspension-feeding species/taxa were observed. Of these, two-thirds have an arcto-boreal distribution, while the remainder are cosmopolitan. The overall mean epibenthos abundance was 33 ind. m ¡2 with maximum values at 150 m depth (97.9 ind. m ¡2 ). The majority of the taxa inhabited the entire depth range. Encrusting red algae, an unidentiWed sponge and the sea anemone Urticina eques, characterized the assemblage of the shallow zone. The sea anemones Hormathia spp. were important below 30 m, the Serpulid polychaete Protula tubularia was characteristic for the community below 50 m and the demosponge Haliclona sp. was a key taxon between 100 and 200 m depth. Cluster analysis and nonmetrical multidimensional scaling based on abundance data showed diVerences between the assemblages along the bathymetric gradient, but only in the shallower depths in relation to the substratum surface incline. As surface and tidal current impacts attenuate with increasing depth, there is a gradual trend from robust key species towards more fragile ones (i.e. P. tubularia), in line with the 'Physical control hypothesis'.

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Section: Zoogeographysupporting

confidence: 66%

The significance of depth and substratum incline for the structure of a hard bottom sublittoral community in glacial Kongsfjorden (Svalbard, Arctic)—an underwater imagery approach

Laudien

Orchard

2012

Polar Biol

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“…One might also argue that the occurrence of mackerel in the Arctic is linked to the increasing population size at lower latitudes (ICES, 2013b) and that its current northward expansion is due mainly to the size and population structure of the mackerel stock (Nøttestad, 2014). However, other comparable changes in both benthic and pelagic fauna have been detected (e.g., Beuchel et al, 2006;Greene et al, 2008;Narayanaswamy et al, 2010;Berge et al, 2012;Kwasniewski et al, 2012) and related to annual and decadal oscillations in the transport and temperature of Atlantic water (Polyakov et al, 2005;Pavlov et al, 2013). Although the causes of such changes are not fully understood, their consequences for the Arctic flora and fauna are likely substantial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First Records of Atlantic Mackerel (<i>Scomber scombrus</i>) from the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, with Possible Explanations for the Extension of Its Distribution

Berge¹,

Heggland²,

Lønne³

et al. 2015

ARCTIC

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131

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ABSTRACT. Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) were recorded in Isfjorden, Svalbard (78˚15ʹ N, 15˚11ʹ E) in late September 2013. This record is the northernmost known occurrence of mackerel in the Arctic and represents a possible northward expansion (of ca. 5˚ latitude) of its distributional range. The examined specimens of mackerel were between 7 and 11 years old, with a mean size of 39 cm and a mean weight of 0.5 kg. Examination of stomach contents indicated that the mackerel were feeding mainly on juvenile herring (Clupea harengus). The occurrence of mackerel in the Arctic is discussed in relation to the recent increase in mackerel population size in the North Atlantic and the expansion of other North Atlantic fishes into the Svalbard region during the last decade. Using a decadal record of water temperature, we conclude that the occurrence of Atlantic mackerel in Svalbard waters is a result of a continued warming of the ocean in the region and that it follows a general trend of species' extending their distributional ranges northward into the Arctic.Key words: Arctic; Atlantic mackerel; Scomber scombrus; species distribution; oceanography RÉSUMÉ. À la fin de septembre 2013, la présence de grands maquereaux (Scomber scombrus) a été enregistrée à Isfjorden, dans l'archipel du Svalbard (78˚15ʹ N, 15˚11ʹ E). Il s'agit de l'apparition de maquereaux la plus nordique à avoir été enregistrée dans l'Arctique, ce qui pourrait représenter une extension vers le nord (d'environ 5 degrés de latitude) de la répartition de cette espèce. Les individus qui ont été examinés étaient âgés de 7 à 11 ans, avaient une taille moyenne de 39 cm et un poids moyen de 0,5 kg. L'analyse des contenus stomacaux a permis de déterminer que les maquereaux se nourrissaient essentiellement de harengs juvéniles (Clupea harengus). La présence du maquereau dans l'Arctique est discutée à la lumière de l'augmentation récente de la population dans l'Atlantique Nord et de l'afflux d'autres poissons de l'Atlantique Nord dans la région du Svalbard au cours de la dernière décennie. Grâce à l'enregistrement décennal de la température de l'eau, nous concluons que la présence du grand maquereau dans les eaux du Svalbard résulte du réchauffement continu de l'océan dans la région et que cela suit la tendance générale des espèces à étendre leur parcours vers le nord, dans l'Arctique.Mots clés : Arctique; grand maquereau; Scomber scombrus; répartition des espèces; océanographie Révisé pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.РЕЗЮМЕ. В конце сентября 2013 года в Исфьорде, архипелаг Свальбард (78˚15ʹ с.ш., 15˚11ʹ в.д.), было зарегистрировано самое северное появление атлантической скумбрии (Scomber scombrus). Эта находка представляет расширение района встречаемости этого вида на примерно 5˚ широты в северном направлении. Возраст всех обнаруженных экземпляров скумбрии составлял от 7 до 11 лет, средний размер 39 см и средний вес около 0,5 кг. Исследование содержимого желудков пойманных экземпляров показало, что скумбрия питалась в основном молодью сельди (Clupea haren...

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“…Even those species with lower thresholds around 8 or 9°C will show significant expansion along the coast of northern Norway (Fig. 4B), continuing a trend of northward species expansions already documented for this area (Narayanaswamy et al, 2010). The taxa selected for this exercise were not randomly chosen, nor are they always dominants in the community.…”

Section: Taxa Most Likely Involved In Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%