“…1 For example, reduction of hexavalent chromium, 2 ammonia recovery, 3 remediation of xenobiotics, 4 remediation of toxic metal contaminated soil, 5 sulfate reduction 6 or polishing effluents of anaerobic digesters 7 are some of the applications reported recently for BES. Moreover, the generation of different products such as electricity, 8 hydrogen, [9][10][11] methane, 12,13 biofuels, desalinated water 14 or high-value chemical products already has been reported. BES also have been proposed as an alternative for posttreatment of conventional wastewater treatment and specifically suited to low strength wastewaters.…”