Bioelectronic Nose

Ko, Hwi Jin; Oh, Eun Hae; Park, Tai Hyun

doi:10.1002/9783527803293.ch27

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Insect ORs are seven-transmembrane proteins, and unlike mammalian ORs, that are members of the well-characterized G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, they uniquely function as ligand-gated cation channels made up of a complex of at least two subunits: the odorant-specific receptor (OR) and the Orco (OR coreceptor) subunit. − Considerable insight has been gained in the study of GPCR mammalian ORs tethered to graphene field effect transistors (GFETs), − where femtomolar levels of detection have been demonstrated. Less is known about insect ORs, and even the exact stoichiometry of the OR and Orco complex is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, because of the smaller diameters of the CNT bundles, we could not functionalize the relatively large liposomes onto the CNT network. Because of the fact that the GFET system is relatively well characterized, the recent ability to create biosensors from foundry-fabricated graphene-FET chips , and the insights into the mammalian ORs tethered to GFETs, − we have chosen graphene as the electronic device platform to carry out our comparative study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating Insect Odorant Receptor Display Formats for Biosensing Using Graphene Field Effect Transistors

Murugathas

Hamiaux

Colbert

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphene field effect transistor (GFET) biosensors have been used to evaluate insect odorant receptor (OR) display formats and the effect of the presence of the Orco subunit on in vitro sensing using OR subunits. The biosensors were fabricated by immobilizing the OR nanodiscs and OR ± Orco liposomes onto GFET devices. Two ORs from Drosophila melanogaster (DmelOR10a and DmelOR22a) were used in this study. We demonstrated that both DmelOR10a and DmelOR22a in nanodiscs and OR ± Orco liposomes showed a selective electrical response to their respective positive ligands, methyl salicylate and methyl hexanoate. The OR nanodisc sensors produced the strongest sensing signal with a limit of detection of 1 fm. We also found that the upper detection limit was increased, and the sensitivity of the Orco coexpressed liposome sensors was enhanced by approximately an order of magnitude when compared to the OR liposome sensors.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Insect Odorant Receptor Display Formats for Biosensing Using Graphene Field Effect Transistors

Murugathas

Hamiaux

Colbert

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Humans have the propensity of identifying several odors resulting from the activation of different combinations of olfactory receptors ( Sharma and Matsunami, 2014 ; Branigan and Tadi, 2021 ). Humans can recognize odorant molecules at the concentration of 10 –3 ppb and detect around 10,000 different odor molecules even though the number of functional olfactory receptors is about 390 ( Ko et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Neuromodulating Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological materials that are used to construct the primary transducer are cells, proteins, nanovesicles, and peptides. Secondary transducers could be based on surface plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance, carbon nanotube field effect transistor, carboxylated PPy, nanotube field effect transistor, and graphene-based field effect transistor devices ( Ko and Park, 2016 ; Ko et al, 2018 ). Enzymes, aptamers, and antibodies can also be used as biological components, but they may not be efficient in detecting all the different odors that a living mammal can easily decipher.…”

Section: Neuromodulating Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BEN was successfully tested to detect acetic acid at concentrations of 1, 25, and 50 μM ( Liu et al, 2006 ). However, cell-based systems are difficult to maintain in a viable state, are too large for a nanomaterial-based sensor platform, and contribute significantly to noise (non-odor-related signals) due to cellular metabolism ( Ko et al, 2018 ). Non-cellular alternatives are being investigated, such as olfactory receptors and nanovesicles derived from engineered olfactory cells which can emulate the olfactory system ( Ko and Park, 2016 ).…”

Section: Neuromodulating Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurosensory Prosthetics: An Integral Neuromodulation Part of Bioelectronic Device

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bioelectronic medicines (BEMs) constitute a branch of bioelectronic devices (BEDs), which are a class of therapeutics that combine neuroscience with molecular biology, immunology, and engineering technologies. Thus, BEMs are the culmination of thought processes of scientists of varied fields and herald a new era in the treatment of chronic diseases. BEMs work on the principle of neuromodulation of nerve stimulation. Examples of BEMs based on neuromodulation are those that modify neural circuits through deep brain stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation, spinal nerve stimulation, and retinal and auditory implants. BEDs may also serve as diagnostic tools by mimicking human sensory systems. Two examples of in vitro BEDs used as diagnostic agents in biomedical applications based on in vivo neurosensory circuits are the bioelectronic nose and bioelectronic tongue. The review discusses the ever-growing application of BEDs to a wide variety of health conditions and practices to improve the quality of life.

show abstract

Carbon nanotube and graphene field-effect transistors for aptamer and odorant receptor-based biosensors

Murugathas¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) are investigated here for their utility as sensors incorporating aptamers and insect odorant receptors (ORs) as the sensing element. This thesis investigated the junction dominated sensing mechanism of CNT network FET, as well as the use of CNT network and graphene FETs for insect OR-based biosensors. Firstly, I focused on the unique case of CNT network FETs that were formed with a channel composed of a network of CNTs. The CNTs were purchased as a Bucky paper with 99% semiconducting tubes. However, the fabrication process resulted in bundles of CNTs forming the network. These bundles were predominantly semiconducting CNT with a maximum metallic component of 24%. Using a K+ aptamer, which is known to act as a molecular scale electrostatic gate, the significance of the metallic-semiconducting junctions within the network was demonstrated. CNT networks were fabricated by a simple solution process method, and the CNT density was tailored by controlling the deposition time. By tuning the density of the CNTs within the FET channel, it was found that the devices where the film is closest to the percolation network show the greatest sensitivity as aptasensors. This result confirms that a small number of junctions can dominate the sensing response in these devices. These findings highlight the critical role of metallic tubes in CNT FET biosensor devices and demonstrate how the CNT network composition is an important variable to boost the performance of electronic biosensors. The CNT network FETs were then functionalised with insect ORs in nanodiscs and tested against several volatile organic compounds. Four fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) ORs (DmelOR10a, DmelOR22a, DmelOR35a, and DmelOR71a) were expressed in Sf9 cells, purified and reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs. Each of these OR nanodisc immobilised sensors produces a selective and highly sensitive electrical response to their respective ligands, methyl salicylate, methyl hexanoate, trans-2-hexen-1-al and 4-ethylguaiacol, with limits of detection in the low fM range. No detection was observed for each OR against control ligands, and empty nanodiscs showed no specific sensor signal for any of the odorant molecules. The sensing results reported in this thesis are the first evidence that insect ORs integrated into lipid nanodiscs can be used as primary sensing elements with CNT network FETs for biosensor technologies. The OR nanodisc, as well as OR expressed liposome, were also tested for biosensing with graphene FETs. The sensors were fabricated by functionalising the graphene channel with OR nanodisc as well as OR liposomes with and without the obligate in vivo co-receptor (Orco). DmelOR10a and DmelOR22a were used for this sensing study. The OR nanodisc immobilised sensors showed highly sensitive electrical responses to their respective positive ligands with limits of detection in fM range, and no signal was observed for the negative ligands. The liposome sensors also showed selective response to the positive ligand but at higher concentrations. Similar to the OR nanodiscs, the OR liposome sensors also showed no significant response to the negative ligands and empty liposomes showed no specific sensor signal for any of the ligands used. Interestingly, an enhancement in the sensitivity was found with the Orco co-expressed DmelOR10a and DmelOR22a liposomes when compared to OR only liposomes. The results reported in this thesis are the first to demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity of Orco co-expressed DmelOR10a and DmelOR22a liposomes with graphene FETs. Further studies are now required to determine the sensing mechanism of OR nanodisc and liposome-based sensor and to evaluate the role of Orco in in-vitro sensors.

show abstract

Bioelectronic Nose

Cited by 3 publications

References 59 publications

Evaluating Insect Odorant Receptor Display Formats for Biosensing Using Graphene Field Effect Transistors

Evaluating Insect Odorant Receptor Display Formats for Biosensing Using Graphene Field Effect Transistors

Neurosensory Prosthetics: An Integral Neuromodulation Part of Bioelectronic Device

Carbon nanotube and graphene field-effect transistors for aptamer and odorant receptor-based biosensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About