Bioengineering Aspects Of Bioreactor Application In Plant Propagation

Takayama, Shinsaku; Akita, Motomu

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3694-1_5

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Light is probably a rate-limiting factor, as it can only penetrate the first few centimeters of the embryo cultures. Bulk-cultivation of in vitro plants ready for the greenhouse is not easy in a traditional bioreactor because of the logarithmic reduction of light intensity passing through the biomass (Takayama and Akita 2006). When the aim is to produce micro-plants ready to be transplanted to the greenhouse, a horizontal design looks more convenient than a vertical one by providing a higher illumination to the biomass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot scale process for the production of pre-germinated somatic embryos of selected robusta (Coffea canephora) clones

Ducos

Labbe

Lambot

et al. 2007

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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The objective was to set up a pilot scale process for robusta (Coffea canephora) industrial propagation by somatic embryogenesis in liquid media. A batch production of pre-germinated embryos was initiated once every 2 mo. in 2003 and 2004, then every mo. in 2005. Each run batch requires 4 to 6 mo. to produce the pre-germinated somatic embryos and consists of three phases: (1) the development of torpedo stage embryos in Erlenmeyer flasks, (2) pregermination in temporary immersion bioreactors to allow maturation from the torpedo stage to the cotyledonary stage, (3) maintaining the embryos under storage conditions before their shipment to coffee producing countries. Starting from 1 kg of embryogenic calluses, a total of 4.4 million pregerminated embryos for 17 clones were produced over 3 yr. This embryo number was enough to potentially regenerate 2 million plants, as the global embryo-to-plantlet conversion rate was estimated to 46% after acclimatization and complete germination in the greenhouse. At the end of April 2006, 600,000 somatic seedlings were transferred into plastic bags in nurseries or were already planted in the fields, mainly in Thailand. The current capacity allows the production of 2.5 million embryos per year, equivalent to a potential of about 1.0 million plantlets. The technical package has recently been transferred to National Institutes in Mexico, Thailand, and Vietnam.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot scale process for the production of pre-germinated somatic embryos of selected robusta (Coffea canephora) clones

Ducos

Labbe

Lambot

et al. 2007

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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“…There are only a few reports on and patents (Takayama and Akita 2006) for internal illumination systems made from tubes (Dubuis 1994) and glass fibers, for example, in respect of the 15 L bioreactor with eccentric motion stirrer and integrated illumination cage (Eibl et al 1999;Eibl and Eibl 2002). As these systems are costly and fail to introduce light efficiently, they have not been commercialized.…”

Section: Suitable Bioreactors For Plant Cell Suspension Culturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…8.1.1, typical oxygen demands and the resulting aeration rates for high plant cell growth do not lead to permanent cell damage for most plant cell lines. In general, k L a values of about 10 h −1 are necessary for high plant cell culture growth (Takayama and Akita 2006) in large-scale culture systems. However, Pan et al (2000) reported a growth stimulating effect of k L a values above 15 h −1 in stirred Taxus chinensis suspension cell cultivations.…”

Section: Suitable Bioreactors For Plant Cell Suspension Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing

Eibl

2009

Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering

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Plant cell-based bioprocessing is the use of plant cell and tissue cultures for the production of biologically active substances (low molecular secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins). The most significant advantage of plant cell culture over the traditionally grown whole wild plant or engineered transgenic plant is the sterile production of metabolites under defined controlled conditions independent of climatic changes and soil conditions, which means that variations in product yield and quality can be better avoided. Furthermore, regulatory requirements such as the cGMP standards, which have to be adhered to in the early stages of pharmaceutical production, are more easily met.Moreover, plant cells are capable of performing complex posttranslational processing, which is a precondition for heterologous protein expression. When compared with mammalian cells, which currently dominate in the commercial protein manufacture, plant cell cultures as alternative expression systems guarantee safer processes because there is a lower risk of contamination by mammalian viruses, pathogens, and toxins. In addition to this considerable advantage, the process costs can also be substantially reduced. This is due to the fact that plant cell culture medium is very simple in composition and therefore relatively inexpensive.This chapter provides an overview of culture types, techniques, and suitable bioreactors used to produce secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins in plant cells. We describe plant cell culture basics, discuss key topics relevant to plant cell bioreactor engineering with application examples, and give an overview of approaches to improving productivity of plant cell-based processes.

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“…However, bulk cultivation of micropropagated plantlets in a liquid medium is still difficult in large vessels because of the poor light penetration to the plant tissues (Ducos et al 2007). Illumination of plants grown in a bioreactor is not easy because of the substantial reduction in light intensity passing through the compact biomass (Takayama and Akita 2006). It has been concluded that a new technology is required to enhance the illumination efficiency for bulk production of transplantable plantlets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of coffee somatic and zygotic embryos to plants differs in the morphological, histochemical and hydration aspects

Etienne¹,

Bertrand²,

Georget³

et al. 2013

Tree Physiology

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In Coffea arabica L., the development of direct sowing of somatic embryos (SE) in planting substrate, with subsequent nursery production of plants, has promoted the industrialization of somatic embryogenesis. However, plant conversion rates are still low and require improvements to enhance the cost-effectiveness of commercial micropropagation. With the aim of improving plant regeneration from SE, we studied the morphological and histological criteria and water characteristics during germination and plant conversion of zygotic embryos (ZE) and SE. At the cotyledonary stage, SE produced in a 1 l RITA(®) temporary immersion bioreactor (area 55.8 cm(2)) were morphologically similar in size (2-3 mm) but abnormal as compared with mature ZE. Protein and starch reserve levels were extremely low throughout germination and conversion to plantlets, while the water status remained steady [water content (WC) from 76 to 87%, Ψ from -0.37 to -0.47 MPa, pressure potential from 0.69 to 0.24 MPa]. In ZE, spectacular hydration occurred during the first 3 weeks (WC from 37 to 75%; Ψ from -6.24 to -1.0 MPa). Cotyledons remained undifferentiated for 10 weeks after sowing. Conversely, after only 3 weeks under germination conditions in a RITA(®) bioreactor, spongy and palisade parenchyma and stomata formed in SE cotyledons. The ZE plant conversion was faster than that of SE (14 vs. 22 weeks) and more efficient (rates 96 vs. 55%), with much more substantial hypocotyl and cotyledon development. The use of a new 5 l MATIS(®) bioreactor (area 355 cm(2)), designed especially to favor embryo dispersion and light transmittance to SE, markedly improved the embryo-to-plantlet conversion rate (91%). These results highlight the morphological heterogeneity and lack of protein reserves in SE at the beginning of the germination phase and marked differences in water characteristics. However, they also reveal high phenotypic plasticity, leading to a highly efficient plantlet conversion rate due to better embryo dispersion and light transmittance in more horizontal bioreactors.

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Bioengineering Aspects Of Bioreactor Application In Plant Propagation

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Pilot scale process for the production of pre-germinated somatic embryos of selected robusta (Coffea canephora) clones

Pilot scale process for the production of pre-germinated somatic embryos of selected robusta (Coffea canephora) clones

Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing

Development of coffee somatic and zygotic embryos to plants differs in the morphological, histochemical and hydration aspects

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