Bioethics Education in India

Vaswani, Vina; Vaswani, Ravi

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9232-5_3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…13,15 We elected to first prepare the bis-TBS protected phenylacetate derivative 20. 16 Crossed-Claisen condensation of 20 17 with freshly prepared 2-butynoyl chloride 18 cleanly afforded the tetrasubstituted enynol 21 in excellent yield 19 as a single stereoisomer 17 and enol tautomer as indicated by 1 H chemical shift (CDCl 3 , 12.6 ppm) of the enynol hydroxyl proton. 15,20 Computational studies (DFT, B3LYP/6-31G**) indicate that the enynol moiety is distorted from the aryl ring plane by approximately 66° (Scheme 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold(I)-Mediated Cycloisomerization/Cycloaddition Enables Bioinspired Syntheses of Neonectrolides B–E and Analogues

et al. 2019

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Development of a synthetic route to the oxaphenalenone (OP) natural products neonectrolides BE is described. The synthesis relies on gold-catalyzed 6-endo-dig hydroarylation of an unusual enynol substrate as well as a one-pot Rieche formylation/cyclization/deprotection sequence to efficiently construct the tricyclic oxaphenalenone framework in the form of a masked orthoquinone methide (o-QM). A tandem cycloisomerization/[4+2] cycloaddition strategy was employed to quickly construct molecules resembling the neonectrolides. The tricyclic OP natural product SF226 could be converted to corymbiferan lactone E and a related masked o-QM. Our study culminates with the application of the tandem reaction sequence to syntheses of neonectrolides BE as well as previously unreported exo-diastereomers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold(I)-Mediated Cycloisomerization/Cycloaddition Enables Bioinspired Syntheses of Neonectrolides B–E and Analogues

et al. 2019

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“…The Process Economic Report 29H (Ethylene via Ethane Steam Cracking) published by IHS Chemical in December 2014 shows a total fixed capital cost of $2.245B for a 1.5 million metric tons per annum (MMTA) ethane cracker. 34 The Chemical Engineering Plant Cost Index (CEPCI) was used to update the plant costs in 2021 as a reference year (CEPCI = 699.97), 35 resulting in a capex intensity of $1,819/MT. The capex intensity of the ethylene process based on the MR is $1,683/MT.…”

Section: Process Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Intensification of the Ethylene Process Utilizing a Catalytic Membrane Reactor

Naqyah

Al-Rabiah

2022

ACS Omega

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Ethylene is considered the most important petrochemical constituent in the world today. It is currently produced via the thermal cracking process, which is generally expensive. Ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) is endothermic, and the thermodynamic equilibrium limits its conversion. The present study explores the viability of using a catalytic membrane reactor (MR) for ethylene production from EDH. The removal of hydrogen from the reaction zone using a palladium–silver (Pd–Ag) membrane has led to a high shift in the equilibrium conversion. The effects of operating conditions and reactor configurations on the ethane conversion were investigated. The ultimate ethane conversion was 22.2% when using the MR at 660 K and 300 kPa. The ethane conversion in the shell-side of the reactor increased to ∼99% when benzene hydrogenation was added as an auxiliary reaction in the tube-side of the reactor. Two new processes for ethylene production were developed for an annual capacity of 100,000 metric tons. Cryogenic distillation was required to separate ethylene from ethane if there is no auxiliary reaction. On the other hand, the ethylene process with cyclohexane as a byproduct does not require a refrigeration cycle system, and its economic analysis shows a return on investment of 34.4%, indicating that the process is a promising technology.

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“…Developing countries in Asia and Africa have been late adopters of bioethics education in general. Many medical colleges in less well-resourced countries still lack formal bioethics curricula or the means to implement them [ 5 – 8 ], while it is in these contexts perhaps that bioethics training is most needed [ 9 – 11 ]. In Pakistan, for example, weak socio-political systems and infrastructure have exacerbated health inequities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The outcomes of a mobile just-in-time-learning intervention for teaching bioethics in Pakistan

2022

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Introduction The study aimed to test the effectiveness and the feasibility of a mobile just-in-time-learning (m-JiTL) approach for teaching bioethics at a university in Pakistan. Over four months, a mobile app (EthAKUL) was used to enhance ethical reasoning among practising nurses, trainee physicians, and medical and nursing students utilising the m-JiTL approach. Participants used EthAKUL to access bioethics modules and participate in asynchronous discussions. Methods A mixed methods design was adopted. Pre- and post-knowledge tests were used to assess changes in participants' knowledge of bioethics concepts, while pre- and post-surveys were used to assess changes in participants' attitudes towards m-learning. After the intervention, focus group discussions with the participants were held. Analysis of the discussion posts and meeting notes was conducted. Results The learners had a favourable attitude toward using mobile devices for learning purposes at the start of the intervention, and the score remained positive afterwards. Bioethics knowledge test scores improved at the end of the intervention, with medical students experiencing the greatest improvement. However, because of the high drop-out rate and lack of participation after the initial phase, it is unclear whether the increase in score or positive attitude is the result of the intervention, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the intervention's success. Conclusions EthAKUL is the first of its kind app for teaching bioethics, and the study has offered important insights into adopting new pedagogies and technologies for bioethics teaching. It has also identified issues with the design of the app and m-JiTL pedagogy that must be addressed before curriculum-wide adoption.

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Bioethics Education in India

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Gold(I)-Mediated Cycloisomerization/Cycloaddition Enables Bioinspired Syntheses of Neonectrolides B–E and Analogues

Gold(I)-Mediated Cycloisomerization/Cycloaddition Enables Bioinspired Syntheses of Neonectrolides B–E and Analogues

Development and Intensification of the Ethylene Process Utilizing a Catalytic Membrane Reactor

The outcomes of a mobile just-in-time-learning intervention for teaching bioethics in Pakistan

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