Bioética, imigração e assistência à saúde: tensões e convergências sobre o direito humano à saúde no Brasil na integração regional dos países

Abstract

Resumo Introdução Os fluxos imigratórios são um fenômeno mundial e o Brasil não fica distante desse processo. Embora a migração não repercuta necessariamente como uma ameaça à saúde, ela pode aumentar a vulnerabilidade dos sujeitos, tornando imprescindíveis políticas públicas que garantam o direito à saúde. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos bioéticos relacionados ao cumprimento do direito humano ao acesso aos serviços de saúde pelos imigrantes no Brasil. Método Busca eletrônica na base de dados SciELO e revistas de bioética, direitos humanos e saúde coletiva, sem restrição de idioma e ano de publicação. Resultado Foram identificados 16 trabalhos categorizados em imigrantes do MERCOSUL e outras origens, e imigrantes situados em região de fronteira. O Brasil vem procurando respeitar o direito humano à saúde aos imigrantes por meio de novas formas de atuação em saúde, com ações e estratégias específicas, processos de trabalhos mais expandidos e flexíveis; mas existiram enfrentamentos éticos no tocante à equidade, universalidade e não discriminação. Conclusão A criação e o aperfeiçoamento constante de normas e práticas são necessários para que se alcance a responsabilidade ética com esta população e o acesso à saúde no Brasil se consolide como um direito humano universal, principalmente nas regiões de fronteira.

Discourse of nurses and doctors on the use of the emergency service by immigrants

“…To such an effect, authors reveal the importance of verbal and non-verbal communication, considering the interpersonal relationship in the care for foreign patients, identified by the need for health professionals to become aware on the meaning of messages sent by the patients, in order to be able to provide care that is more appropriate for their needs. 17,18 In the discursive sequence referring to the cultural barrier the following signifiers emerged: "they have a little fear of talking to a doctor", "they are very inhibited" and "they just seek last case healthcare" that demonstrate the perception of the professionals regarding the behavior of the immigrants in the emergency sector care. Findings from another research also revealed that culturally minority groups interact poorly with the health professionals, being verbally less expressive in comparison with other groups, making this ethnic minority more prone to not having their needs met, as well as having difficulty receiving help to solve their problems.…”

“…However, it is important to emphasize that this practice violates the precepts of bioethics and is contrary to the principles settled by the Brazilian health system, which recommends universality, completeness and equity as a way to guarantee access and quality of care provided to the population in the healthcare services in Brazil. 17 Finally, it was possible to verify during the analysis that the meanings produced by the professional discourses, in this discursive block, refer to the presence of limiters that interfere in the healthcare provided to the immigrant population that uses emergency services. To such an effect, it becomes imperative to develop strategies to ease these obstacles by providing comprehensive and holistic healthcare to the immigrant population.…”

Health as a right and the care of the self: conception of nursing professionals

“…Indeed, the right to health is present in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Health is defined as a condition for a life worthy and indispensable for the enjoyment of other rights, such as equality, education, freedom, integral components for a healthy life (3) .…”

“…We have enormous challenges insofar as the Brazilian nursing has an important role in the defense of health with equity and quality of life, assuming a practice based on care (2) . For this reason, the right to health involves the issue of human rights and respect for human dignity (3) .…”

Integration in health: cooperation at triple international border Amazon

“…The socioeconomic, environmental and cultural conditions of the populations in the triple Amazon border are portrayed as precarious due to low income, deforestation, and illegal drug trade existing in the region 8 . In addition to these characteristics, the three countries present contrasting health systems, which complicates the integration-in-health processes of the region 9 , with Brazil being the only one structured under the principle of universality 10 .…”