“…BioWlms are characterized by a self-produced threedimensional extracellular matrix that consists of water, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids [7,9]. This complex structure provides extremely high resistance against antimicrobial agents and host immune reactions [6,7,12]. This resistance mechanism is based on the physical barrier formed by the polysaccharide matrix that blocks the diVusion of antibiotics, antimycotics, superoxides, immunglobulins, and opsonins [6,7,12].…”