Biofuel cells based on direct enzyme–electrode contacts using PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase/bilirubin oxidase and modified carbon nanotube materials

An enzymatic glucose/O2 biofuel cell operating in human blood

“…Mao's team reported a BFC combining a NAD þ dependent GDH and a BOD from Myrothecium verrucaria (BOD-Mv) immobilized on carbon nanotubes generating 5 mW cm À 2 at 0.4 V in presence of 10 mM NAD þ added in diluted serum (Gao et al, 2007), later optimized to reach 35 mW cm À 2 at 0.39 V (Li et al, 2009). Scherbahn et al (2014) obtained 45 m W cm À 2 at 0.39 V in unmodified serum with a vertically aligned carbon nanotubes BFC based on PQQ dependent GDH and BODMv. By combining FAD-GDH and BOD-Mv, Milton et al (2015) reached 57.5 mW cm À 2 at 37°C in human serum containing 5 mM glucose.…”

Effective bioelectrocatalysis of bilirubin oxidase on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide

“…BOD has some distinct advantages compared to laccases, which makes it almost an ideal enzyme for reduction of oxygen [36]. This is the reason why a substantial effort has been made to better understand its redox properties [16,24,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] on various electrode interfaces. The main prerequisite for construction of effective and miniaturised BFCs is to establish an effective electron transfer route between the biocatalyst and the electrode [44,45].…”

PQQ-sGDH Bioelectrodes Based on Os-Complex Modified Electrodeposition Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes

“…37 Moreover, a PQQ-GDH bioanode based on CNTs-modified electrode was reported. [38][39][40][41][42][43] Here, we report on the design and synthesis of a number of Oscomplex modified EDPs for efficient wiring of PQQ-GDH. By selecting different monomer compositions and adjusting the length of the spacer chain between Os-complex and polymer backbone Os-complex modified EDPs with different microstructures, molecular weight and particle sizes were obtained.…”