Biofuel from Pyrolysis Waste Lube Oil of Refinery Unit III Using Fly Ash of Coal Combustion as a Catalyst

Sandika, Nedia; Bow, Yohandri; Hasan, Abu

doi:10.24845/ijfac.v6.i3.130

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Alternative fuels are obtained through the use of new and renewable energy, one of which is from vegetable materials. Considering that the need for fossil fuel sources is increasingly encouraging various research and development of cheap, environmentally friendly fuels [5]. Palm oil is one of the vegetable oil-producing crops that have high economic value and abundant availability.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Bioethanol from Bunches of Palm Oil Using Purification Equipment with Bioethanol Traps

Samosir¹,

Bow²,

Hasan³

2022

ajarcde

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Due to the rising demand for motor vehicle fuel, Indonesia's requirement for fossil fuels rises by an average of 10% annually. The supply of fossil energy, which serves as the primary raw material for generating fuel oil, is negatively correlated with the demand for fuel (BBM). Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), and fiber were the types of oil palm bunches employed in this investigation. EFB and fiber are industrial by products that are currently being used inefficiently and frequently pollute the environment. This trash is still only very minimally processed; it is still stored, burned in the incinerator, used as mulch on oil palm fields, and composted. 51.2 percent cellulose and 16.30 percent lignin are both present in EFB. Lignin makes up 20.0 percent of fiber, whereas cellulose makes up 57.0 percent. Through chemical and enzymatic procedures, this cellulose content may be exploited as a source of reducing sugars. FFB is used as a benchmark to evaluate how effectively the prototype tool works. Different kinds of high-quality bioethanol are produced from each raw source. Different kinds of high-quality bioethanol are produced from each raw source. Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), which have a refractive index of 1.35676 and a volume of 2,192 ml, are the best quality of bioethanol made from raw materials. The findings demonstrated that varied volumes and refractive indices were produced depending on how raw materials were treated. The quality generated improves with increased treatment volume. Alkaline delignification was followed by acid delignification to get the optimum grade. Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) material, which had a refractive index of 1.34376, 2,105 ml of bioethanol, and a 68.15 percent ethanol concentration. This study is unique in that it includes a bioethanol trap to quicken the conversion of steam into liquid bioethanol. Condensation is completed in 15–20 minutes less time thanks to the bioethanol trap.

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Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Bioethanol from Bunches of Palm Oil Using Purification Equipment with Bioethanol Traps

Samosir¹,

Bow²,

Hasan³

2022

ajarcde

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“…The raw material that has been delignified with 10% HCL is put into a thermal cracking reactor of 3 kg. Then the reactor is set with temperature variations (300°C, 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C) [20]. The heating process lasts 2 hours; during the process, the valve where the stream flow is closed first until the pressure in the reactor rises.…”

Section: Thermal Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Biofuel from Empty Fruit Bunch through Thermal Cracking

2022

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Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are oil palm waste that has the potential as a source of bioenergy because it contains lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) so that it can be converted into biofuel through thermal cracking, adsorption, and distillation processes. Thermal cracking is the decomposition of the chemical content of biomass by utilizing heat without a mixture of oxygen at a temperature of 200oC–600oC. This study aims to obtain the characteristics of the raw material of EFB in the form of proximate, ultimate, lignin, and biofuel produced. The research was conducted using a thermal cracking reactor designed to control the temperature at 300oC, 350oC, 400oC, and 450oC. The results showed that the raw material characteristics of EFB from proximate were 13.66% water content, 8.74% ash content, 58.66% volatile matter and 18.90% fixed carbon. This water content is relatively high. This is because the drying process on the material has not run perfectly. The ultimate result showed that the EFB had a C content of 54.45%, H content of 5.00%, and O content of 16.27%. The atomic ratio obtained from the ultimate analysis can indicate the amount of calorific value that can be used for certain fuels. The smaller the atomic ratio value contained, the more significant the calorific value contained in a particular fuel. Klason method was carried out to decrease the level of lignin through 4 stages; the lignin content without delignification was resulting into 24.87%, the addition of aquadest was resulting into18.71%, the addition of 5% HCl resulting into 15.34%, and 10% HCl resulting into 14.49%. Delignification of 10% HCl is the pretreatment process before the thermal cracking. The thermal cracking process forms steam; the steam is then condensed to obtain bio-oil. The formed bio-oil was kept to separate the oil from tar. In order to obtain good biofuel quality, adsorption is carried out with zeolite adsorbent, which has been activated with HCL. A comparison of the physical properties of bio-oil before and after adsorption shows a color difference from brownish black to the adsorbed bio-oil, which is distilled to separate the heavy and light fractions. The temperature of 450oC at thermal cracking is close to optimum; when the temperature is increased, the cracking process will be more straightforward and occur optimally. The biofuel produced in this study was tested for its characteristics such as, density (927-1086.68 Kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (1.17-1.43 mm2/s), and flash point (66.00-70, 23oC). The biofuel product produced is dominated by C5-C15 compounds (45.07%) according to the results of GC-MS analysis.

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“…Yield equals the quantity of raw palm shell used divided by the weight of the condensate collected. Yield is also a metric used to assess a process' overall performance, the more yield produce, the better (Sandika et al, 2021). Figure 2-a shows the effect of temperature (300, 350, 400, and 450 o C) on the bio-oil yield.…”

Section: Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Palm Shell-Derived Bio-Oil Through Pyrolysis

Utarina

Rusdianasari

Kalsum

2022

J. appl. agricultural sci. technol.

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Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable resource used to produce energy, fuels, and chemicals. This study aimed to determine the effect of pyrolysis temperature on product yield and product characterization of bio-oil. In this study, palm shells were selected and prepared as raw materials for bio-oil production. Palm shells were first soaked in 10% HCl and then pyrolyzed at temperatures of 300 oC, 350 oC, 400 oC, and 450 oC in a fixed bed reactor. Afterward, the reactor will emit smoke which later will condense into bio-oil. The experimental results show that a temperature of 450 oC will be a better choice for higher bio-oil yields (44.59%). The characteristics of the bio-oil obtained are density (905 – 1015.17 kg/m3), Kinematic Viscosity (1.21 – 1.5 mm2/s), and flash point (60 – 68.7 oC).

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Biofuel from Pyrolysis Waste Lube Oil of Refinery Unit III Using Fly Ash of Coal Combustion as a Catalyst

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Production of Bioethanol from Bunches of Palm Oil Using Purification Equipment with Bioethanol Traps

Production of Bioethanol from Bunches of Palm Oil Using Purification Equipment with Bioethanol Traps

Characterization Biofuel from Empty Fruit Bunch through Thermal Cracking

Characterization of Palm Shell-Derived Bio-Oil Through Pyrolysis

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