Biofunctional magnetic hybrid nanomaterials for theranostic applications

Abstract

Cancer is a major disease that seriously threatens human health and is a leading cause of human death. At present, the commonly used cancer treatment methods are surgical therapy, chemical drug therapy and radiation therapy (RT). However, these treatments all have their own shortcomings and cannot perfectly meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment. It is of great significance to improve the diagnosis and treatment level, so that the curative effect and quality of life of tumor patients can be improved. The rapid development of nanotechnology has brought hope to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the appearance of biofunctional magnetic hybrid nanomaterials (MHNs) has provided a new possibilities for the integration of cancer diagnosis and treatment. As a promising research direction, the multifunctional nanoplatform integrates imaging diagnosis, drug therapy and drug delivery. Better treatment effects and fewer side effects can be achieved by optimizing materials to build stable, efficient, and safe MHNs with combined functions of multimodal imaging and various treatments. This review focuses on not only the research progress of MHNs but also their applications and development trend in the integration of cancer diagnosis and treatment. A description of the applications of MHN structure optimization for both magnetic resonance imaging-based multimodal diagnosis and cancer therapy is given. Furthermore, RT is introduced and the development of MHNs for diagnosis and treatment system is investigated.

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoagents for Bioimaging and Therapy

“…Also, like what we discussed in the bioimaging session, a single therapeutic modality sometimes has its drawbacks, such as the high risk of surgery, the high side effect of chemotherapy, radiation damage of radiotherapy, and the low penetrability of light irradiation used for PTT and PDT. 4 Therefore, combination therapy, which combines multiple treatments, is highly recommended and considered to be the most effective way to treat tumors at present. To realize the combination treatment of cancer, many scientists are committed to developing intelligent, controllable, and multifunctional drug delivery platforms.…”

“…2,3 However, these treatments are all limited by their shortcomings, such as the high risk of surgery, the high side effect of chemotherapy, radiation damage of radiotherapy, and the low penetrability of light irradiation, and cannot perfectly meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and therapeutics. 4 In addition, the therapeutic effect of cancer therapy heavily depends on early diagnosis, intraoperative localization, and postoperative imaging examination. 5 However, the single clinical imaging techniques suffer from poor accuracy and usually are taken apart with therapy.…”

“…Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and the leading cause of death in the world . In recent years, except for traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT), several new-fashioned treatment methods, including photothermal therapy (PTT), magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and so on, have been developed for cancer therapy. , However, these treatments are all limited by their shortcomings, such as the high risk of surgery, the high side effect of chemotherapy, radiation damage of radiotherapy, and the low penetrability of light irradiation, and cannot perfectly meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and therapeutics . In addition, the therapeutic effect of cancer therapy heavily depends on early diagnosis, intraoperative localization, and postoperative imaging examination .…”

Tailoring the Nanoparticles Surface for Efficient Cancer Therapeutics Delivery

“…Further, other metallic/inorganic NPs (Gold, silica and Tantalum oxide), cross-linking besides engineering the surface coating layer is related to the nature of the NPs and their preferred biomedical applications [36,37]. Besides, another group of researchers coated IONPs using small charged molecules, for example, folic acid to avoid macrophages uptake and enhance the heating to the cancer cell [36].…”

Multifunctional high-Znanoradiosensitizers for multimodal synergistic cancer therapy

“…Because of the poor radiation attenuation coefficient of tumors, excessive radiation doses are often used to obtain better efficacy of RT, causing inevitable damage to surrounding normal cells. 4,5 Moreover, some types of solid tumors are resistant to RT due to their hypoxic microenvironment. [6][7][8] Therefore, it is of great significance to explore new therapeutic methods and to improve the safety, accuracy, and efficacy of RT.…”