Biofunctionalization of Microgroove Surfaces with Antibacterial Nanocoatings

Abstract

Objectives. To investigate the physical properties of the modified microgroove (MG) and antibacterial nanocoated surfaces. In addition, the biological interactions of the modified surfaces with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the antibacterial activity of the surfaces against Porphyromonas gingivalis were studied. Methods. The titanium nitride (TiN) and silver (Ag) coatings were deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering. A smooth titanium surface (Ti-S) was used as the control. The physicochemical properties including surface morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and an optical contact angle analyzer. The “contact guidance” morphology was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression level of the main focal adhesion-related structural protein vinculin was compared using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. The antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit. Results. The Ag and TiN antibacterial nanocoatings were successfully deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering technology. TiN coating on a grooved surface (TiN-MG) resulted in less nanoroughness and greater surface hydrophilicity than Ag coating on a smooth surface (Ag-S), which was more hydrophobic. Cell proliferation and expression of vinculin were higher on the TiN-MG surface than on the Ag-coated surfaces. Ag-coated surfaces showed the strongest antibacterial activity, followed by TiN-coated surfaces. Conclusion. Nano-Ag coating resulted in good antimicrobial activity; however, the biocompatibility was questionable. TiN nanocoating on an MG surface showed antibacterial properties with an optimal biocompatibility and maintained the “contact guidance” effects for HGFs.

The effect of etched 3D printed Cu-bearing titanium alloy on the polarization of macrophage

“…Therefore, the differences in cell growth and attachment between groups were not related to their hydrophilicity. In addition to hydrophilicity, the release of metal ions may also affect cell proliferation and adhesion (Lai et al, 2020). Acid etching may generate increased immersion of copper ions that could affect cell proliferation and adhesion.…”

Graphene Oxide-Modified Concentric Microgrooved Titanium Surfaces for the Dual Effects of Osteogenesis and Antiosteoclastogenesis

“…An osteon-mimetic concentric microgrooved titanium surface (CMS) was created by photolithography with an overlying 200 nm-thick layer of titanium sputtering as previously described, , modified to include a photomask containing a pattern with 10 μm wide ridges and grooves to form concentric microgrooves. The concentric circle diameter was designed to be 200 μm at the maximum diameter to mimic the natural osteon.…”

“…Cell adhesion, polarity, morphology, and cytoskeleton characteristics can be affected by implant surface topography. Previous studies by our group 21,22 demonstrated that anisotropic microgrooved titanium surface structures (60 μm width, 10 μm depth) guided human gingival fibroblasts to align along the grooves, and promoted cell proliferation by altering the arrangement of the cytoskeleton. The phenomenon of "contact induction" means that the surface topography of a material can change the arrangement and orientation of cells, thereby affecting the function of cells.…”

Biomaterials science and surface engineering strategies for dental peri-implantitis management

“…Generally, TiN coatings are prepared through physical vapor deposition or surface nitriding. The deposited TiN coating showed good anti-adhesion against various oral bacteria in vitro and in vivo [ 82 , 83 , 216 – 219 ]. To further enhance the antibacterial activity, the TiN coatings were modified via a quaternization reaction.…”