“…Most mammalian cells are inclined to attach to neighboring cells or extracellular matrix (ECM) via the interactions among ligand molecules (e.g., collagens, laminin, and fibronectin), transmembrane glycoproteins (e.g., integrins), and cytoskeleton proteins (e.g., actin) to perform signal transduction and normal functions. − The cell adhesion is essential in ubiquitous physiological and pathological processes, including wound healing, tissue development and regeneration, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. − In addition, cell adhesion also plays key roles in the fabrication of cell-seeded scaffolds or cell microarrays for many biological and medical applications in tissue engineering, − regenerative medicine, − drug screening, − and biosensors. − For example, antifouling poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) brushes were grafted from the substrate of silicon wafer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and photopatterned with cell adhesive peptides via thiol–ene coupling . After seeding cells on the patterned surfaces, the resultant cell microarrays enabled the study of molecular pathways and integrin binding mechanisms for the regulation of cell phenotypes.…”