Biogasoline production from linoleic acid via catalytic cracking over nickel and copper-doped ZSM-5 catalysts

Singh, Haswin Kaur Gurdeep; Yusup, Suzana; Quitain, Armando T.; Abdullah, Bawadi; Ameen, Mariam; Sasaki, Masahiro; Kida, Tetsuya; Cheah, Kin Wai

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109616

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The catalytic cracking mechanism of oil plants can be explained by Sinh et al and Vichaphund et al [24,32]. Initially, the thermal cracking of heavier oxygenated species such as long-chain fatty acids, which are the main components of vegetable oils, can take place both on the external surface and in the internal pore of zeolites to obtain smaller oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Effect Of Biomass: Catalyst Weight Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Production from Catalytic Pyrolysis-GC/MS of Sacha Inchi Residues Using SBA-15 Derived from Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2020

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In this work, Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) residues were used as biomass feedstocks in catalytic upgrading pyrolysis with SBA-15, which is a substance synthesized from coal fly ash (CFA), using alkali fusion, followed by hydrothermal treatment (SBA-15-FA). The catalytic activity of fly ash-derived SBA-15 was investigated through the fast pyrolysis of Sacha inchi residues for upgrading the pyrolysis vapors using the analytical pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS) technique. The pyrolysis temperature was set at 500 °C and held for 30 s while maintaining the Sacha inchi residues to catalyst ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:5, and 1:10. In addition, the SBA-15s synthesized from chemical reagent and commercial SBA-15 were evaluated for comparison. The non-catalytic fast pyrolysis of Sacha inchi (SI) mainly consisted of fatty acids (46%), including chiefly linoleic acid (C18:2). Other compounds present were hydrocarbon (26%) and nitrogen-containing compounds (8.7%), esters (9.0%), alcohols (6.4%), and furans (3.6%). The study results suggested that the SBA-15-FA showcased a high ability to improve aliphatic selectivity (mainly C5–C20) and was found to be almost 80% at the biomass to catalyst ratio of 1:5. Moreover, the increase in catalyst contents affected the enhancement of hydrocarbons yields and tended to promote the deoxygenation reaction. Interestingly, the catalytic performance of SBA-15 derived from fly ash could be compared to that of the commercial SBA-15 in terms of producing hydrocarbon compounds as well as reducing oxygenated compounds.

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Section: Effect Of Biomass: Catalyst Weight Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Production from Catalytic Pyrolysis-GC/MS of Sacha Inchi Residues Using SBA-15 Derived from Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2020

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“…The main compounds in the biofuels are hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. However, oxygenated compounds are avoided because they can reduce the heat capacity, as well as the heating value of biofuels [5,6]. Since the catalysts are responsible for this circumstance, developing a catalyst that can support both cracking and deoxygenation reactions is reasonable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zeolite catalysts are the most developed catalysts due to the high surface area, which has an important role in the mass transfer process in the catalytic cracking process [7]. Some zeolites are utilized for biomass catalytic cracking, including HY, ZSM-5, and H-Beta [6,8]. Gurdeep Singh et al [6] used ZSM-5-based catalysts to produce biogasoline from linoleic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some zeolites are utilized for biomass catalytic cracking, including HY, ZSM-5, and H-Beta [6,8]. Gurdeep Singh et al [6] used ZSM-5-based catalysts to produce biogasoline from linoleic acid. They reported that ZSM-5-based catalysts effectively produce hydrocarbon-rich biofuels, especially the short-chain hydrocarbons in the range of biogasoline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop a ZSM-5-based catalyst to produce hydrocarbon-rich biofuels from palm oil. However, using ZSM-5-based catalysts produces aromatic compounds because the ZSM-5 catalyst has a unique pore structure and pore size similar to aromatic compounds, such as toluene, xylene, and benzene [6,9]. Even though the octane number of biofuels can be increased by the presence of aromatic compounds, they may be released as benzene, which is a toxic substance, to the environment [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels

et al. 2021

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The purposes of this study are to investigate the effect of metal (Co and Mo) impregnation to ZSM-5 catalysts on the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) ratio as the active sites of cracking reaction, and the catalysts’ performance testing for palm oil cracking to produce hydrocarbon-rich biofuels. Both metals were impregnated on the ZSM-5 catalyst using a wet-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Pyridine-probed Fourier-Transform Infrared (Py-FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The catalysts were tested on the cracking process of palm oil to biofuels in a continuous fixed-bed catalytic reactor. In order to determine the composition of the organic liquid product (OLP, biofuels), the product was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The results showed that the co-impregnation of Co and Mo to ZSM-5 highly increased the Brønsted to Lewis acid site (B/L) ratio, although the total number of acid sites decreased. However, the impregnation of Co and Mo on the ZSM-5 decreased the surface area of catalysts due to pore blocking by metals, while the B/L ratio of the catalysts increased. It was obtained that by utilizing Co- and Mo-impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts, the hydrocarbons product selectivity increased from 84.32% to 95.26%; however, the yield of biofuels decreased from 67.57% to 41.35%. The increase in hydrocarbons product selectivity was caused by the improvement of the Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) acid sites ratio.

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Catalytic conversion of bioethanol over cobalt and nickel‐doped HZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts

Anekwe,

Oboirien,

Isa

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study focuses on the use of H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst modified with transition metals for the conversion of ethanol into liquid fuel hydrocarbons. The HZSM‐5 catalyst was synthesized hydrothermally, and the transition metal (0.5 wt%) was incorporated by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts were tested in a fixed‐bed reactor at varying weight hourly space velocities (WHSVs) and temperatures to investigate their effects on the selectivity of the liquid hydrocarbon product. The pure and metal‐doped catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX, PSD, BET, N2 adsorption–desorption, and NH3‐TPD. The metal species were evenly dispersed on the catalyst support without affecting the porous framework significantly. The modification did not alter the morphology of the catalyst; however, the particle size was altered slightly. The pore distribution plot confirms the hierarchical porous framework of the catalyst. This unique feature facilitates internal diffusion and accelerates mass transfer, improving the selectivity and distribution of the liquid product. The catalytic evaluation showed ethanol conversion of more than 97% for all catalysts tested. A low space velocity (5 h−1) favored gaseous (C1‐C4) hydrocarbons, but more liquid products (C5+) were generated at 12 h−1 (at 350 and 400 °C), with metal‐doped catalysts showing higher selectivity (> 79%). In comparison with the unmodified catalysts, the metal‐doped catalysts enhanced the production of aromatics (benzene), with Ni/HZSM‐5 showing higher selectivity (> 4%). This study showed that the synthesized catalysts are active in the selective production of liquid hydrocarbon and improve the transformation of ethanol to fuel‐range hydrocarbons.

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Biogasoline production from linoleic acid via catalytic cracking over nickel and copper-doped ZSM-5 catalysts

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

Hydrocarbon Production from Catalytic Pyrolysis-GC/MS of Sacha Inchi Residues Using SBA-15 Derived from Coal Fly Ash

Hydrocarbon Production from Catalytic Pyrolysis-GC/MS of Sacha Inchi Residues Using SBA-15 Derived from Coal Fly Ash

Improved Brønsted to Lewis (B/L) Ratio of Co- and Mo-Impregnated ZSM-5 Catalysts for Palm Oil Conversion to Hydrocarbon-Rich Biofuels

Catalytic conversion of bioethanol over cobalt and nickel‐doped HZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts

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