Biogenic Emissions from Green Waste and Comparison to the Emissions Resulting from Composting Part II: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Büyüksönmez, Fatih; Evans, Jason M.

doi:10.1080/1065657x.2007.10702332

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Initially, samples were also taken on the third and seventh days but these samplings were discontinued as no malodorous compounds were measured beyond 2 days, even in the control. The initial 7-day duration was based on the general belief that the majority of the emissions occur within the first 7 days of the composting process (Büyüksönmez and Evans, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of odor causing emissions—Bench-scale investigation

Büyüksönmez

Rynk

Yucel

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Emissions of malodors are considered to be the greatest threat to the compost industry. In work presented here, several simple odor mitigation alternatives were investigated for their effectiveness in preventing the release of common odorants, such as terpenes, ammonia, and reduced sulfur compounds. The mitigation methods studied included the use of a blanket of finished compost, compost amendment mixed within the feedstock, odor neutralizing agents (ONAs), and oxygen release compounds (ORCs). Among the mitigation alternatives investigated in this study, the use of finished compost as a blanket and finished compost as an amendment yielded the most conclusive and significant results. Both of these alternatives yielded a substantial emission reduction for terpenes, ammonia, and reduced sulfur compounds. The application of finished compost blanket resulted in up to 95% reduction of terpene and 25% reduction of ammonia emissions. Blending the feedstock with finished compost also provided substantial reduction of terpene emissions ranging from 73.6 to 93.1% at the 24% blending ratio, and up to 85% ammonia reduction a the 35% blending ratio. Use of finished compost also provided 75% lower reduced sulfur compound emissions at the 12% blending ratio. Misting and application of odor neutralizing agents did not result in any consistent reduction in emissions for any of the odorous compounds tested.Implications: The odor emissions from composting are often considered to be the biggest threat to composting facilities. Because most facilities cannot afford enclosures and contained composting vessels, there is a need to inexpensively and effectively control the odor emissions from composting facilities. The findings of this research can lead the way for efforts to control odor easily and cost effectively. In fact, the application of a compost blanket for odor control is already gaining acceptance by the composting industry.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of odor causing emissions—Bench-scale investigation

Büyüksönmez

Rynk

Yucel

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…These compounds, primarily terpenes (natural compounds released from the feedstock) and to a lesser extent alcohols, ketones and benzenes, are usual VOCs detected in green waste composting as a result of biological breakdown. (Büyüksönmez and Evans, 2007).…”

Section: Compost Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feedstocks are considered the most important factor in determining what particular intermediate and potentially compounds develop Büyüksönmez et al, 2012). Additional managing factors such as temperature, O 2 levels, humidity, pH and duration of composting are also of significance (Akdeniz et al, 2010;Blazy et al, 2014;Büyüksönmez and Evans, 2007;Delgado-Rodríguez et al, 2012b;Romain et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ) (Amlinger et al, 2008), and CO 2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Büyüksönmez, 2012;Büyüksönmez and Evans, 2007;Delgado-Rodríguez et al, 2012a;Komilis et al, 2004;Kumar et al, 2011) were also considered. The amount and type of emissions depends on a number of variables; the type and mix of feedstocks determine the molecules available for biochemical reactions, and their proportions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of compost maturity by using an electronic nose

et al. 2016

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The composting process produces and emits hundreds of different gases. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can provide information about progress of composting process. This paper is focused on the qualitative and quantitative relationships between compost age, as sign of compost maturity, electronic-nose (e-nose) patterns and composition of compost and composting gas at an industrial scale plant,. Gas and compost samples were taken at different depths from composting windrows of different ages. Temperature, classical chemical parameters, O 2 , CO, combustible gases, VOCs and e-nose profiles were determined and related using principal component analysis (PCA). Factor Analysis carried out to a data set including compost physical-chemical properties, pile pore gas composition and composting time led to few factors, each one grouping together standard composting parameters in an easy to understand way. PCA obtained from e-nose profiles allowed the classifying of piles, their aerobic-anaerobic condition, and a rough estimation of the composting time. That would allow for immediate and in-situ assessment of compost quality and maturity by using an on-line e-nose. The e-nose patterns required only 3-4 sensor signals to account for a great percentage (97-98%) of data variance. The achieved patterns both from compost (chemical analysis) and gas (e-nose analysis) samples are robust despite the high variability in feedstock characteristics (3 different materials), composting conditions and long composting time. GC-MS chromatograms supported the patterns.

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“…The family ofterpenes is one ofthe most representative classes of VOCs emitted during the degradation process of vegetal material s (chips, grass clippings and pruning residues). Amongst them, IX-pinene is frequently the predominant compound, representing between 10.2% and 72.7% of the total emissions [6] . Furthermore, IX-pinene is also emitted by wood processing industries, in particular, saw milis, composite board milis, and paper industries [7,8] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofiltration of α-pinene vapours using municipal solid waste (MSW) – Pruning residues (P) composts as packing materials

Cabeza

López

Giráldez

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

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ABSTRAeTIn this study, a biofiltration system was designed using matme composts ofmunicipal solid waste (MSW) or MSW mixed with pruning residues (MSW-P) as packing materials to treat vapours of rt-pinene (a dominant volatile organic compounds (VaC) emitted dming the MSW-P co-composting), Monitoring the efficiency of tlle hiofiltration system was carried out using a photoionization analyser, a commercial ekctronic nosc (e-nose) and gas chromatography -mass spcctrometry (GC/MS). Using an EBRT of 66 s, removal efficiencies for both kinds of biofilters were greater tllan 90% removal at different stages of the experiment. Ihe acc\imatisation periods were 1 U and 25 days for the IVISW biofilter and IVISW-P biofilter. respectively. Removal efficiency of the system was strongly dependent upon the moistllTe content of the packing materials. As moisture content in the biofilters fel! to below 66% for the MSW and 51 % (dry basis) for MSW-P, the removal efficiency decreased to less than 90%. E-nose and GCfMS data indicate a complete degradation of the et-pinene. rhe e-nose detected a characteristical background emission (odom fingerprint) of eaeh type of biofilter. Results suggest that e-nose's will beeome a more powerful tool for monitoring VOCs in biofiltration and composting processes in tbe future.

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Biogenic Emissions from Green Waste and Comparison to the Emissions Resulting from Composting Part II: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Mitigation of odor causing emissions—Bench-scale investigation

Mitigation of odor causing emissions—Bench-scale investigation

Assessment of compost maturity by using an electronic nose

Biofiltration of α-pinene vapours using municipal solid waste (MSW) – Pruning residues (P) composts as packing materials

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