Biogeochemical processes in canga ecosystems: Armoring of iron ore against erosion and importance in iron duricrust restoration in Brazil

Gagen, Emma J.; Levett, Alan; Paz, Anat; Gastauer, Markus; Caldeira, Cecílio Fróis; Valadares, Rafael Borges da Silva; Bitencourt, José Augusto Pires; Alves, Ronnie; Oliveira, Guilherme; Siqueira, José Oswaldo; Vasconcelos, Paulo M.; Southam, Gordon

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.03.013

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Higher levels of water Ca and Mg was also observed in lagoons from North America with Isoetes macrospora (Boston and Adams, 1987). We have reported here a higher level of iron dissolved as expected due to the vast iron ore deposits of our study site (Gagen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Since the organic matter did not appear to be constraint and it was previously used for in vitro cultivation of Isoetes cangae (Caldeira et al, 2019), we have used an organic substrate based on sphagnum peat and covered with sand that supplied plants effectively (Table 3) (Ozyigit et al, 2013). Here plant macronutrients were also evaluated, and I. serracarajensis presented more N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S than I. cangae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the more interesting aspect about these species is the habitat occurrence of these two species in Serra de Carajás, Pará state, more specifically in ferruginous plateaus of the Carajás mountain range. This environment presents extremely conditions such as acid and oligotrophic soil with high concentrations of heavy metals, high temperatures, and strong seasonality, with a well-defined dry season (Gagen et al, 2019). I. cangae is an aquatic plant endemic to only one lagoon in the ferruginous fields of the south of Serra dos Carajás while I. serracarajensis is an amphibious species found in several ferruginous plateaus, in seasonally flooded environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ontogeny of I. cangae plants and a protocol for reproduction was studied based on in vitro culture of megaspores and microspores in order to obtain viable sporelings (Caldeira et al, 2019). However, knowledge about the species traits and strategies related to habitat occupation, growth, survival, and reproduction in this harsh environment is fundamental for the conservation biology of Isoetes, and site restoration strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex-situ cultivation of Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis (Isoetaceae) two endemic species from Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2019

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Isoetes L. is a genus of lycophytes widely distributed around the world that has a large number of endemic species. Here we document the first successful large scale ex-situ cultivation of the new endemic species from Brazilian Amazon quillworts Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis.These isoetids are endemic of an iron mining site and grow on a superficial broad applicability, assisting other low-cost cultivation studies, which are very important in ecosystem recovery of mining areas and conservation strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex-situ cultivation of Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis (Isoetaceae) two endemic species from Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Mine surface remediation post-mining remains a worldwide issue that prevents the reclamation of thousands of mine sites . Harnessing the knowledge gained by studying natural duricrust evolution (Gagen et al, 2019a;, we aimed to promote biogeochemical cycling of iron in order to accelerate the reformation of an iron-rich crust. The ultimate goal is to regenerate a habitat similar to pre-mining conditions, allowing for revegetation of plant species adapted to growing on iron-rich duricrusts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of ferruginous duricrusts (canga) in tropical iron ore systems

Levett¹

Self Cite

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Iron-rich duricrusts (canga) that cap iron ore deposits in Brazil evolve by the redox-based cycling of iron oxide minerals, continually forming new iron-rich cements that effectively prevent the physical erosion of these landforms. This thesis aimed to understand the biological influences on the geochemical cycling of iron within canga, to determine if these processes could be used to accelerate iron cement formation, for example, in a post-mining context. Recementing waste material (canga) from iron ore mining may provide an environmentallyfriendly solution for iron ore mine remediation in Brazil and the restoration of a rare ecosystem associated with canga outcrops. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed an array of microorganisms fossilised within canga, highlighting the innate role of microorganisms in the evolution of canga horizons. Nanoscale elemental mapping of these microfossils revealed a role for aluminium in the long-term preservation of organic and inorganic biosignatures. A suite of high-resolution analytical techniques were correlated to understand the fossilisation processes that contribute to biosignature preservation in near-neutral iron-rich environments.

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Establecimiento de criterios geomórficos de referencia para el diseño de desvíos fluviales en torno a los pozos mineros de Pilbara, Australia Occidental

Flatley

Rutherfurd

2023

Mine Water Environ

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The poor condition of river diversion channels can prevent mining companies from relinquishing their mine to the government after mining has ceased. Many regions lack a locally derived template for integrating appropriate geomorphic and hydraulic conditions from unmodified river channels into river diversion designs to help guide post-mining closure activities. Establishing baseline geomorphic reference criteria for unmodified catchments can guide restoration efforts to allow recovery and stability of the fluvial system. Design-wise, channels should be built so that flow conditions are able to move sediment, but not high enough to accelerate erosion in the channel. We used natural headwater channels to inform a regional guide for geomorphic criteria for artificial channels constructed in the Pilbara, Western Australia. We provide guideline hydraulic criteria for specific channel types, including velocity, stream power, and bed shear stress values for five key channel types: alluvial single thread (≥ cobble) and single thread (sand), bedrock/confined channel sections, island-barform channels, and heavily vegetated channels.

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Biogeochemical processes in canga ecosystems: Armoring of iron ore against erosion and importance in iron duricrust restoration in Brazil

Cited by 38 publications

References 97 publications

Ex-situ cultivation of Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis (Isoetaceae) two endemic species from Brazilian Amazon

Ex-situ cultivation of Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis (Isoetaceae) two endemic species from Brazilian Amazon

Development of ferruginous duricrusts (canga) in tropical iron ore systems

Establecimiento de criterios geomórficos de referencia para el diseño de desvíos fluviales en torno a los pozos mineros de Pilbara, Australia Occidental

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