Biogeographical patterns and environmental controls of phytoplankton communities from contrasting hydrographical zones of the Labrador Sea

Fragoso, Glaucia Moreira; Poulton, Alex J.; Yashayaev, Igor; Head, Erica J. H.; Stinchcombe, Mark C.; Purdie, Duncan A.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.007

Cited by 28 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Cells were counted under a magnification of x3000 across numerous fields of view (Daniels et al, 2012). Nutrient concentrations and chl a analysis, biomass estimations, as well as the literature information used to identify individual phytoplankton species are fully described in Fragoso et al (2016).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Labrador Sea sector of the North Atlantic Ocean is an ideal location to apply trait-based approaches to marine diatom species biogeography due to the intense diatom-dominated spring blooms that occur in contrasting hydrographical zones Abbreviations: chl a, chlorophyll a; CWM, community-weighted trait mean; ESD, equivalent spherical diameter; IBP, ice-binding proteins; LM, light microscope; MDL, maximum dimension length; N/P, nitrate to phosphate concentration ratio at the surface (<10 m); PC1, first principal component; PCA, Principal component analyses; SEM, Scanning electron microscope; SI, stratification index; Si/N, silicate to nitrate concentration ratio at the surface (<10 m); Si/N (200 m), silicate to nitrate concentration ratio at 200 m; SIMPER, similarity percentage analysis; S/V, surface area to volume ratio; T opt , optimum temperature for growth. that sub-divide the region into distinct ecological provinces (Fragoso, 2016;Fragoso et al, 2016Fragoso et al, , 2017. The surface layer of the Labrador Sea comprises blended waters of distinct origin: warmer and more saline (herein defined as Atlantic-influenced for simplicity) waters covering the central deep basin, and cooler and fresher waters (herein denoted as Arctic-influenced) covering the surrounding shelves and shelf margins, but often extending offshore (Head et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface layer of the Labrador Sea comprises blended waters of distinct origin: warmer and more saline (herein defined as Atlantic-influenced for simplicity) waters covering the central deep basin, and cooler and fresher waters (herein denoted as Arctic-influenced) covering the surrounding shelves and shelf margins, but often extending offshore (Head et al, 2013). While an ice-related (i.e., species that grow in ice-melt waters) and polar diatom community develops on the Labrador Shelf (along the Canadian margin of the Labrador Sea) as sea ice melts during spring, Arctic pelagic and neritic diatom species occur near the Greenland coast and subpolar oceanic species are common in North Atlantic waters of the central basin in late spring and early summer (Fragoso et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative and qualitative traits, with the latter converted to numerical variables, were analysed together to calculate the mean trait values of different diatom communities. This trait-based analysis allowed an ecological explanation of why certain diatom species thrive in Arctic or Atlantic waters, further contributing to the plankton biogeography typically observed in the Labrador Sea (Sathyendranath et al, 1995(Sathyendranath et al, , 2009Li and Harrison, 2001;Head et al, 2003;Platt et al, 2005;Fragoso et al, 2016Fragoso et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diatom Biogeography From the Labrador Sea Revealed Through a Trait-Based Approach

et al. 2018

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Diatoms are a keystone algal group, with diverse cell morphology and a global distribution. The biogeography of morphological, functional, and life-history traits of marine diatoms were investigated in Arctic and Atlantic waters of the Labrador Sea during the spring bloom (2013-2014). In this study, trait-based analysis using community-weighted means showed that low temperatures (<0 • C) in Arctic waters correlated positively with diatom species that have traits such as low temperature optimum growth and the ability to produced ice-binding proteins, highlighting their sea ice origin. High silicate concentrations in Arctic waters, as well as sea ice cover and shallow bathymetry, favoured diatom species that were heavily silicified, colonial and capable of producing resting spores, suggesting that these are important traits for this community. In Atlantic waters, diatom species with large surface area to volume ratios were dominant in deep mixed layers, whilst low silicate to nitrate ratios correlated positively with weakly silicified species. Sharp cell projections, such as processes or spines, were positively correlated with water-column stratification, indicating that these traits promote positive buoyancy for diatom cells. Our trait-based analysis directly links cell morphology and physiology with diatom species distribution, allowing new insights on how this method can potentially be applied to explain ecophysiology and shifting biogeographical distributions in a warming climate.

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Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diatom Biogeography From the Labrador Sea Revealed Through a Trait-Based Approach

et al. 2018

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“…Interest has grown in this subject over the last 10 years, in particular (e.g. Bishop and Biscaye, 1982;Collier and Edmond, 1984;Sherrell et al, 1998;Frew et al, 2006;Planquette et al, 2011Planquette et al, , 2013Lam et al, 2012;Abadie et al, 2017;Milne et al, 2017), and, to our knowledge, only two studies have been performed on an ocean-wide scale: the GA03 GEOTRACES North Atlantic Zonal Transect Ohnemus and Lam, 2015) and the GP16 GEOTRACES Pacific Transect Lee et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inputs and processes affecting the distribution of particulate iron in the North Atlantic along the GEOVIDE (GEOTRACES GA01) section

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The aim of the GEOVIDE cruise (May–June 2014, R/V Pourquoi Pas?) was to provide a better understanding of trace metal biogeochemical cycles in the North Atlantic Ocean. As marine particles play a key role in the global biogeochemical cycle of trace elements in the ocean, we discuss the distribution of particulate iron (PFe), in relation to the distribution of particulate aluminium (PAl), manganese (PMn), and phosphorus (PP). Overall, 32 full vertical profiles were collected for trace metal analyses, representing more than 500 samples. This resolution provides a solid basis for assessing concentration distributions, elemental ratios, size fractionation, and adsorptive scavenging processes in key areas of the thermohaline overturning circulation. Total particulate iron concentrations ranged from as low as 9 pmol L−1 in surface waters of the Labrador Sea to 304 nmol L−1 near the Iberian margin, while median PFe concentrations of 1.15 nmol L−1 were measured over the sub-euphotic ocean interior. Within the Iberian Abyssal Plain, the ratio of PFe to PAl was identical to the continental crust molar ratio (0.21 mol mol−1), indicating the important influence of crustal particles in the water column. Overall, the lithogenic component explained more than 87% of PFe variance along the section. Within the Irminger and Labrador basins, the formation of biogenic particles led to an increase in the PFe∕PAl ratio (up to 0.64 mol mol−1) compared to the continental crust ratio. Continental margins induce high concentrations of particulate trace elements within the surrounding water masses (up to 10 nmol L−1 of PFe). For example, horizontal advection of PFe was visible more than 250 km away from the Iberian margin. Additionally, several benthic nepheloid layers were observed more than 200 m above the seafloor along the transect, especially in the Icelandic, Irminger, and Labrador basins, suspending particles with high PFe content of up to 89 nmol L−1.

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Trait‐based analysis of subpolar North Atlantic phytoplankton and plastidic ciliate communities using automated flow cytometer

Fragoso

Poulton

Pratt

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Plankton are an extremely diverse and polyphyletic group, exhibiting a large range in morphological and physiological traits. Here, we apply automated optical techniques, provided by the pulse-shape recording automated flow cytometer-CytoSense-to investigate trait variability of phytoplankton and plastidic ciliates in Arctic and Atlantic waters of the subpolar North Atlantic. We used the bio-optical descriptors derived from the CytoSense (light scattering [forward and sideward] and fluorescence [red, yellow/green and orange from chlorophyll a, degraded pigments, and phycobiliproteins, respectively]) and translated them into functional traits to demonstrate ecological trait variability along an environmental gradient. Cell size was the master trait varying in this study, with large photosynthetic microplankton (> 20 μm in cell diameter), including diatoms as single cells and chains, as well as plastidic ciliates found in Arctic waters, while small-sized phytoplankton groups, such as the picoeukaryotes (< 4 μm) and the cyanobacteria Synechococcus were dominant in Atlantic waters. Morphological traits, such as chain/colony formation and structural complexity (i.e., cellular processes, setae, and internal vacuoles), appear to favor buoyancy in highly illuminated and stratified Arctic waters. In Atlantic waters, small cell size and spherical cell shape, in addition to photo-physiological traits, such as high internal pigmentation, offer chromatic adaptation for survival in the low nutrient and dynamic mixing waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The use of automated techniques that quantify ecological traits holds exciting new opportunities to unravel linkages between the structure and function of plankton communities and marine ecosystems.

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Biogeographical patterns and environmental controls of phytoplankton communities from contrasting hydrographical zones of the Labrador Sea

Cited by 28 publications

References 80 publications

Diatom Biogeography From the Labrador Sea Revealed Through a Trait-Based Approach

Diatom Biogeography From the Labrador Sea Revealed Through a Trait-Based Approach

Inputs and processes affecting the distribution of particulate iron in the North Atlantic along the GEOVIDE (GEOTRACES GA01) section

Trait‐based analysis of subpolar North Atlantic phytoplankton and plastidic ciliate communities using automated flow cytometer

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