Biogeography

Aguilar, Marcelino J. del Arco; Delgado, Octavio Rodríguez

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77255-4_4

Cited by 1 publication

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“…It has been suggested that E. canariensis conforms to a Rand Flora biogeographic pattern (del Arco Aguilar and Rodríguez Delgado, 2018). This is a disjunction pattern in which sister taxa occur in peripheral regions of the African continent and adjacent islands (Pokorny et al, 2015; Sanmartín et al, 2010) and it has been described for several species of the Canarian archipelago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Canary Islands are an archipelago formed by seven main islands that are the result of a hot spot in the Atlantic Ocean active since c. 60 Ma, although the oldest extant island dates from c. 20 Ma (Troll and Carracedo, 2016). Due to the closeness of the Canary Islands to the Mediterranean region and Africa throughout the geological history of the archipelago, the Canarian flora is mainly derived from those mainland regions (del Arco Aguilar and Rodríguez Delgado, 2018; Fernández-Palacios et al, 2011). One of the most remarkable species of the Canarian flora is Euphorbia canariensis , a major component of lowland xerophytic communities known, in Spanish, as ‘cardonal-tabaibal’ (Bramwell and Bramwell, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Euphorbia following Bruyns et al (2011), but E. canariensis appears to belong to an early diverging lineage within this group, while E. handiensis is part of the core of the group. It has been commonly assumed that E. canariensis (together with several other Canarian species) displays a Rand Flora pattern (del Arco Aguilar and Rodríguez Delgado, 2018). This is a biogeographic pattern in which multiple unrelated lineages display a similar disjunct distribution along the edges of Africa (Pokorny et al, 2015; Sanmartín et al, 2010), which can also extend to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Basin (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetics and phylogeography ofEuphorbia canariensisreveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction and limited inter-island colonization

Coello

Vargas

Cano

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Euphorbia canariensis is an iconic endemic species of the Canary Islands and one of the most characteristic species of lowland xerophytic communities known, in Spanish, as 'cardonal-tabaibal'. This species is widely distributed in the archipelago, which contrasts with the theoretically low dispersal abilities suggested by its unspecialized diasporas. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of this species are unclear, although it is thought to be related to the Indian E. epiphylloides and not to other cactus-like Euphorbia of the Canary Islands (E. handiensis) and Africa. Here we aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of E. canariensis at two levels: (i) a phylogenetic approach aimed at unravelling relationships of this species and large-scale biogeographic patterns, and (ii) a phylogeographic approach focused on the history of colonization between islands of the Canarian archipelago in relation to habitat availability for this species through time. Based on previous phylogenetic studies of Euphorbia, we sequenced the ITS region for E. canariensis and several potentially related species to build a phylogenetic framework. We also sequenced two cpDNA regions for 92 individuals from 29 populations of E. canariensis representing its distribution range. We estimated the number of inter-island colonization events using PAICE, a recently developed method that includes a sampling effort correction. Additionally, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to project current habitat availability for E. canariensis to past periods. Phylogenetic results supported the Canarian E. canariensis as closely related to the Southeast Asian E. epiphylloides and E. sessiliflora. In the Canarian archipelago, E. canariensis displayed a surprising west-to-east colonization pattern. The estimated number of inter-island colonization events was c. 20-50, and SDM suggested an increase in habitat availability in recent times. In summary, in this study we confirmed an extreme biogeographic disjunction between Macaronesia and Southeast Asia, described only for a small number of plant species, and estimated relatively low dispersal capabilities for E. canariensis, with a west-to-east colonization pattern in the Canary Islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%