Biohybrid Magnetic Microrobots for Tumor Assassination and Active Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Magnetic microrobots have attracted increasing research interest for diverse biomedical applications, such as targeted therapy and tissue regeneration. However, multifunctional microrobots with complex morphology at the microscale are urgently needed to be fabricated, actively controlled, and functionalized. In this study, the chrysanthemum pollen-derived biohybrid magnetic microrobots (CDBMRs) with spiny protrusion, hollow cavity, and porous surface structure were proposed for tumor assassination and active tissue regeneration. By exquisitely designing the sequential treatment process, CDBMRs were fabricated and the innate morphology of pollen templates was well preserved. Under magnetic field, CDBMR exhibited various individual and collective behaviors. CDBMRs were utilized for synergetic tumor treatment by the combination of magnetically controlled physical assassination and active drug delivery. Meanwhile, CDBMRs showed excellent ability for active cell delivery and tissue regeneration, which was further proved by enhanced osteogenesis ability. By making full use of the natural morphology of pollen grains, the biohybrid microrobots presented a promising strategy for effective tumor therapeutics and tissue regeneration.

Cell‐Based Micro/Nano‐Robots for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Natural biological templates with unique properties can also be applied to fabricate cell-based micro/nano-robots, such as sperm, [58,242,243] bacteria, [27,78,244] pollen, [245] and microalgae. [246][247][248] Natural biological templates are usually single-cell organisms that exhibit distinct advantages owing to their unique natural properties.…”

“…[78,269,270] Engineered immune cells have led to the development of CAR-T therapies targeting various antigens [273] and introduction of dual CAR-T cell approaches to counter immune evasion. [274] Other types of cell-based micro-robots based on various biological templates, such as pollen, [245,275,276] plant callus cells, [277] and microalgae, [69,246] have been manufactured and exhibit unique properties that extend the range of fabrication strategies, indicating the enormous potential of cell-based micro-robots for biomedical applications.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 245 ] Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. E) Schematic diagram of the magnetic reconfiguration and propulsion of the magnetic biohybrid micro‐robots based on Chlorella cells for targeted drug delivery.…”

“…D) Schematic diagram of biohybrid magnetic micro-robots (CDBMRs) based on Chrysanthemum pollen cells and the biomedical applications combined with a programmable magnetic field. Reproduced with permission [245]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society.…”

Cascade catalysis-coordinated nanorobots toward synergistic cancer chemoimmunotherapy

“…20 Magnetic field-guided targeted drug delivery enables magnetic drug-carrying particles to accumulate and move directionally in the body under the action of an external 3D magnetic field. 21,22 In vitro control and targeted delivery can improve the concentration of drugs at the tumor site and enhance the killing effect of drugs on the tumor.…”