2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.038
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Bioimaging and toxicity assessments of near-infrared upconversion luminescent NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals

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Cited by 238 publications
(155 citation statements)
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“…For example, the synthesis of NaGdF 4 ∶Yb 3þ , Er 3þ nanoparticles have some drawbacks for biomedical applications; therefore, gold or silica need to be used to render them with biocompatible properties. [37][38][39] In addition, one of the problems with carbon nanoparticles is the fact that they need to be excited with near-UV light, which can damage tissues around the cancer cells. 34 Rare earth doped zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanophosphors present efficient emission in the visible region when they are under IR excitation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the synthesis of NaGdF 4 ∶Yb 3þ , Er 3þ nanoparticles have some drawbacks for biomedical applications; therefore, gold or silica need to be used to render them with biocompatible properties. [37][38][39] In addition, one of the problems with carbon nanoparticles is the fact that they need to be excited with near-UV light, which can damage tissues around the cancer cells. 34 Rare earth doped zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanophosphors present efficient emission in the visible region when they are under IR excitation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This process, inherent to the Ln 3+ ions, allows for the (up) conversion of low energy excitation (typically near-infrared, NIR) to higher energies. [4][5][6] However, in contrast to most other two-photon excited materials (semiconductor quantum dots, gold nanorods, organic dyes, etc. ), efficient UC emission in the UV-visible-NIR regions from Ln 3+ -doped nanomaterials can be obtained using inexpensive diode NIR lasers (e.g.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The appropriate functionalization of the NP surface and the introduction of targeting molecules such as folic acid, some peptides, specific antibodies and growth factors permits in some cases a cellular targeting imaging [263][264][265]. In vivo luminescent bioimaging of bacteria [266,267], small animals (mostly mice) [268,269] and plants [262,270] with UCNPs has also been widely reported in the literature. Different processes of biomedical interest can be also studied in vivo by using UCNPs, as it is the case of the biodistribution of the NPs [271] and targeting [272][273][274][275].…”
Section: Upconverting Nanophosphors For Luminescent Bioimagingmentioning
confidence: 99%