Bioinspired Design Criteria for Damage‐Resistant Materials with Periodically Varying Microstructure

Kolednik, O.; Predan, Jožef; Fischer, Franz Dieter; Fratzl, Peter

doi:10.1002/adfm.201100443

Cited by 185 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[3] The periodic nature of hard and soft interfaces, in this case between alpha-chitin fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals, results in a crack-tip shielding effect that changes the crack driving force and thereby arresting crack propagation. [35,36] He and Hutchinson discussed the role of elastic mismatch on the strain energy release rate of a crack, which determines if the crack gets deflected at an interface or penetrates through to the other solid. [34] Submitted to 9 However, unlike a simple 90° crack deflection, cracks within this structure are twisting and thus increase toughening.…”

Section: A Sinusoidally-architected Helicoidal Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

et al. 2016

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A fibrous herringbone-modified helicoidal architecture is identified within the exocuticle of an impact-resistant crustacean appendage. This previously unreported composite microstructure, which features highly textured apatite mineral templated by an alpha-chitin matrix, provides enhanced stress redistribution and energy absorption over the traditional helicoidal design under compressive loading. Nanoscale toughening mechanisms are also identified using high load nanoindentation and in-situ TEM picoindentation. A Sinusoidally-Architected Helicoidal BiocompositeBy Nicholas A. Yaraghi, Nicolás Guarín-Zapata, Lessa K. Grunenfelder, Eric Hintsala, Sanjit Bhowmick, Jon M. Hiller, Mark Betts, Edward L. Principe, Jae-Young Jung, Leigh Sheppard, Richard Wuhrer, Joanna McKittrick, Pablo D. Zavattieri Keywords: (Composites, Toughness, Impact, Biomineral, Ultrastructure) Submitted to 3 Biologically mineralized composites offer inspiration for the design of next generation structural materials due to their low density, high strength and toughness currently unmatched by engineering technologies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Such properties are based on the ability for the organism to utilize structural organics and acidic proteins to guide and control the mineralization process to yield hierarchical architectures with well-defined compositional gradients.One notable example is the highly developed raptorial appendage, or dactyl, of the stomatopods, a group of aggressive marine crustaceans that use these structures for feeding upon hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey. [10][11][12][13][14] The dactyls of the "smashers", those that feed primarily on hard-shelled prey, (see Figure 1A) takes the form of a bulbous club ( Figure 1B), which is used to smash through mollusk shells, crab exoskeletons, and other tough mineralized structures with tremendous force and speed. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Achieving accelerations over 10,000g and reaching speeds of 23 m/s from rest, the dactyl strike is recognized as one of the fastest and most powerful impacting events observed in Nature. [11,12] The club is capable of delivering and subsequently enduring repetitive impact forces up to 1500 N and cavitation stresses without catastrophically failing, demonstrating its utility as an exceptionally damage-tolerant natural material.The origins of such a mechanical response lie in the structural design. Previous work identified the club as a multi-regional composite material containing an organic matrix composed of alpha-chitin fibers mineralized by amorphous forms of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate as well as crystalline apatite. [17,18] These investigations revealed mechanisms responsible for providing damage-tolerance and impact-resistance to the club, which were largely attributed to the interior of the club (periodic region), identified as the primary energy-absorbing layer. [17,18] The combination of soft polymeric nanofibers and stiffer mineral provides a periodic modulus mismatch leading to crack deflection, which in co...

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Section: A Sinusoidally-architected Helicoidal Biocompositementioning

confidence: 99%

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

et al. 2016

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“…In recent years, therefore, considerable effort has been directed toward investigating the composition-structure-property-function relations in biological materials. Though the stiffening, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of some representative biological material, such as bones, teeth, woods, silks, seashells and collagenous tissues have attracted much attention [1,3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], the strategies selected by natural composites to deal with structural flaws still remain elusive [6,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On flaw tolerance of nacre: a theoretical study

Shao

Zhao

Feng

2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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As a natural composite, nacre has an elegant staggered 'brick-and-mortar' microstructure consisting of mineral platelets glued by organic macromolecules, which endows the material with superior mechanical properties to achieve its biological functions. In this paper, a microstructure-based crack-bridging model is employed to investigate how the strength of nacre is affected by preexisting structural defects. Our analysis demonstrates that owing to its special microstructure and the toughening effect of platelets, nacre has a superior flaw-tolerance feature. The maximal crack size that does not evidently reduce the tensile strength of nacre is up to tens of micrometres, about three orders higher than that of pure aragonite. Through dimensional analysis, a nondimensional parameter is proposed to quantify the flaw-tolerance ability of nacreous materials in a wide range of structural parameters. This study provides us some inspirations for optimal design of advanced biomimetic composites.

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“…An interesting approach for solving the issue is inspired by biological materials which are frequently composites made of a hard and a soft phase (e.g. hydroxyapatite and collagen/ water in bone [16][17][18][19]). Despite the poor mechanical properties of each of the components, the resulting composite can exhibit excellent material properties [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired engineering polymers by voxel-based 3D-printing

et al. 2016

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has become an important tool in the product development process as it offers the possibility to produce parts of good geometrical quality within a short period of time, allowing geometrical validations and the visualisation of ideas. Yet the application of AM is often limited due to the poor mechanical properties of AM parts. In the automotive sector for example, there is a high demand for tough AM parts which have an impact strength comparable to industrially moulded thermoplasts. This paper explores the possibility to increase the impact strength of AM parts by combining a stiff, hard and brittle component (VeroWhite Plus in this instance) with a soft, elastomer-like component (TangoBlack Plus) and arranging these on a micro-scale level in form of alternating, chess-pattern voxels. While one material was responsible for maintaining a sufficient stiffness and strength of the resulting composite structure, the other material acted as an obstacle for crack propagation. Varying the edge length of the voxels, it was possible to investigate the influence of the microscopic voxel geometry on the part's macroscopic impact strength. It was shown that the Charpy impact strength could be raised by a factor of eight (from 10.9 kJ/m 2 to values between 80 kJ/m 2 and 86.1 kJ/m 2 ) compared to the single material. Above a certain voxel edge length the impact strength decreases again. The critical voxel edge length at which this decrease begins was determined. However, the increase in impact strength is accompanied by a decrease in the glass transition temperature.

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Bioinspired Design Criteria for Damage‐Resistant Materials with Periodically Varying Microstructure

Cited by 185 publications

References 46 publications

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite

On flaw tolerance of nacre: a theoretical study

Bioinspired engineering polymers by voxel-based 3D-printing

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