“…To facilitate the understanding of the structure and properties of the OEC, as well as for developing efficient water-splitting catalysts, many research groups, during the last three decades, have attempted to synthesize the OEC ( Wieghardt, 1989 ; Limburg et al, 1999 ; Mukhopadhyay et al, 2004 ; Mullins and Pecoraro, 2008 ; Dismukes et al, 2009 ; Gerey et al, 2016 ; Zhang and Sun, 2019b ; Li et al, 2020b ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Ezhov et al, 2021 ). It is a great challenge and a long-standing issue for chemists to synthesize the OEC in the laboratory ( Zhang, 2015 ; Li et al, 2020b ).…”